Titus Andronicus

Titus Andronicus by William Shakespeare at the Shakespeare Theater

It is hard to imagine Shakespeare as a young man. We think of the great Shakespeare plays, and we do not think of him as a young man just getting started in the theater, just learning his craft, just beginning to write plays. This play, Titus Andronicus, was one of Shakespeare's first plays, written sometime between 1587 and 1592. He was only in his mid-twenties. Plays that were popular in London at that time were horror plays, much like horror movies of today. It is easy to imagine the young Shakespeare, in his mid-twenties, deciding to write a horror play, filled with lurid violence and gore and much like two plays that were very popular at that time, Marlowe's Tamburlaine and Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy. Undoubtedly, the young Shakespeare desired to become successful and decided to write a play like other successful plays. In Titus Andronicus, Shakespeare one-upped other playwrights. His play was even bloodier than theirs. And it was very successful.

Although Shakespeare's later plays were based on historical events or historical figures, this play was purely fictional. The play refers to historical Rome, but the figures in the play and the events in the play were fictional. However, it is interesting that Shakespeare had great knowledge of ancient Rome and was able to base this play and later plays on that period. It is also interesting to me that the London audiences -- mostly men -- related to those historical references.

I was expecting to be revolted by the blood and gore of the play, but I found that I was not. I was fascinated by the play itself. I was fascinated by a young man writing this play, both to entertain and to be a successful business venture. I found it not sad or depressing, but comical, much like one feels at a horror movie. The purpose was to entertain, and this play was entertaining. It turned out to be one of Shakespeare's most successful plays.

The Good Husband of Zebra Drive, Alexander McCall Smith

The Good Husband of Zebra Drive by Alexander McCall Smith

Like worn house slippers, the books about Precious Ramotswe of the No. 1 Ladies' Dectective Agency make one feel comfortable. Precious is indeed precious. Her keen observations of life are equally useful in solving the cases that confront her and in her interpersonal relationships. She understands the weaknesses of people, and she forgives them for those weaknesses. She practices love, and she teaches love. Always the solutions to relationships and to her cases return to her observations about life and love, and almost always relationships and cases end happily. The beauty of the simple life of her beloved Botswana adds to the beauty of the message that she conveys, a message of love and hope. These books are written in a simple way, emphasizing the simplicity of the setting and the message. While not great literature, these books make one feel comfortable and satisfied and happy. They are wonderful little books, and I never grow tired of them.

The Inheritance of Loss, Kiran Desai

The Inheritance of Loss by Kiran Desai.

Although this book is the 2006 winner of the Man Booker Prize, it receives only 3.5 stars from Amazon reviewers, many of whom find it to be well written, but with little plot. Indeed, many reviewers find the book boring, some to the point of not being able to finish it.


As I have written before, it seems that although some writers are gifted with words and gifted at capturing the descriptions of people or events, they have difficulty imagining great stories. Kiran Desai is a gifted writer. Her descriptions are far more elegant than those of most writers. Indeed, the elegance of her descriptions is almost mesmerizing. However, her story lacks interest. Her characters seem to drift and her story drifts. It seems that the title of the book is accurate -- the characters are a bunch of losers who go on losing right to the end of the book. Finally, we just don't care what happens to them. Surely she could have imagined more interesting characters and a more interesting story. The title of this book could just as easily have been, "Everyone's a Loser".

Coriolanus

Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. (Proverbs 16:18)

Coriolanus by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Kennedy Center. One of Shakespeare's great tragedies, Coriolanus depicts a man who could have had greatness, but lost everything because of a fatal character flaw. Coriolanus was filled with pride and a haughty spirit, which led to his downfall. The play was great, and the performance by the Royal Shakespeare Company was excellent. The one drawback was that the theater at the Kennedy Center is too large for good hearing. The smaller theater at the National Shakespeare Theater is always much better for Shakespeare plays. Still, an outstanding play, and as always, reading Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare before going to the play helped immensely to understand the nuances of the play.

Carnival!

Carnival! at the Kennedy Center, Saturday March 3, 2007

Carnival! the musical first appeared on Broadway in 1961; the musical was based on the 1953 movie, "Lili", starring Leslie Caron. The movie was based on a short story that appeared in the Saturday Evening Post in 1950, called "The Man Who Hated People". The story is about a young woman (mid to late teens) whose parents had died, and she went to find a good friend of her father's who worked in a carnival and who would take care of her. Unfortunately, he too had died just a month before she arrived. Having no place to go, she stayed with the carnival.

She was an innocent girl, who did not understand when the star of the show, the magician -- tried to take advantage of her. To survive, she began to work in the carnival's puppet show. She loved the puppets, and because of her innocent interaction with them, the puppet show became the greatest attraction at the carnival. The puppeteer was a man who had been a dancer, but who had an injury that had cut his career short. He had become very angry and mean -- the "man who hated everyone". So the show was about a conniving man and a very angry, mean man pitted against this innocent girl. This conflict went on and on, and it was very disturbing to me. In the end, like the Beauty and the Beast, through her love and kindness, she was able to tame the mean man and make him nice and loving like her, but by then, I didn't even want that. I just wanted her to be rid of these people, and I wanted to be rid of the show.

The show disturbed me. I did not like it at all. I am accustomed to seeing great shows, so when I see one that is not good, it seems even worse than it probably is in reality. But this one disturbed me. I was not amused by this particular conflict. I am certainly not opposed to elusive, unavailable men, but I don't like mean people, and I don't like older men who take advantage of young girls.

At a more basic level, this story is ancient -- the story of the attraction of "bad boys" to women. The eternal temptation, bad boys have tempted women in Virgil's Dido, Shakespeare's Helena, Jane Austen's Elizabeth Bennett, Margaret Mitchell's Scarlett O'Hara, The Beauty and The Beast. Women always seem to fall for bad boys. Bad boys are often not handsome, but they are masculine and elusive and unavailable, the perfect ingredients for sexual attraction. Although bad boys are tamed in stories, in real life they seldom are. In real life, women must decide whether they want a man who stimulates them sexually, or a "good man" who will be a good husband and partner. Seldom will a woman find one who is both. Often nowadays, women choose both a good man for a husband, and a "bad boy" as a lover. The perfect solution to the eternal problem!

Playbill story.

Richard III

Richard III at the Shakespeare Theater, February 22, 2007

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf at the Kennedy Center, January 13, 2007

The Light in the Piazza

The Light in the Piazza at the Kennedy Center, December 30, 2006

The Beaux' Stratagem

The Beaux' Strategem at the Shakespeare Theater

The Audacity of Hope, Barak Obama

The Audacity of Hope by Barak Obama

Seldom does a politician write a book, and even more seldom does a politician lay out his political views on a wide range of subjects in a way that everyone can read and understand. Most politicians do not write books at all, although many politicians who seek the Presidency have staff write position papers and sometimes books for them. Politicians prefer to keep their positions on issues flexible and open in order to attract the most voters; stated positions offend voters as well as attract them.

In writing this book, Obama took the step of summarizing not only his positions on issues, but also his way of arriving at positions, his thought process, his personality traits. He wrote this book soon after being elected to the Senate, and well before he decided to seek the Presidency. His purpose seems to have been to summarize for himself his thoughts about key issues facing our nation. I am not aware of any other Senator or Representative who has done this, and for that reason, Obama is a very rare politician. Obama showed in his previous book that he is an outstanding writer, and again in this book, his writing style is eloquent and easy. This book is not as "readable" as his first book because a book about public policy is not as interesting as a book about his lifestory.

As an individual who has spent many years in Washington political work, I am struck by what Obama has done in writing this book in two ways. First, by writing this book, he has shown his intellect to be far greater than that of most other politicians. Few other politicians could have written this book or any book about a wide range of public policy issues. In addition to writing about his own positions on issues, he took the added step of writing about the history of many of those issues and the Constitutional background of the issues. In this book, Obama demonstrates his knowledge of American history and Constitutional law, his analytical abilities, and his facility with the American language. This book is a remarkable feat for a politician (or anyone), just as his first book was a remarkable feat for a young man just out of law school.

Second, in this book, Obama takes a step that is completely out of touch with the political norm in Washington at this time -- he takes a middle ground on most issues, seeking to unite people behind a compromise approach. He writes about both politicial viewpoints on issues, and then suggests that the solution to the issues lies somewhere between those points. He demonstrates that he understands the reasoning and feelings of people who take both sides on issues, and values their reasoning and feelings, and he offers a solution that lies between the two sides. Almost no other politician takes this approach to political issues. Most politicians strive to harden positions, rather than to find ways to bridge them and unite the two sides; they take this approach in order to firm their support with their base, fearing loss of support by taking a middle position.

Most politicians prefer no solution to a problem, no matter how serious, rather than a compromise solution. Our electorial process requires this extreme approach. The extremists are the ones who vote in our primaries, and to win the primaries, politicians must take extreme positions on issues. Politicians who would like to unite people do not win primaries, even though they might win general elections handily. However, Obama takes the approach that a compromise is the best solution, particularly if the compromise can unite people. When Obama speaks about the need to change the ways of Washington politics, it is the concept of seeking to unite rather than divide that he has in mind. This political approach is extremely rare. It is also one that many Americans seem to desire.

This book does indeed have the "Audacity of Hope". The hope that a man who is intellectually brilliant and articulate, and who advocates a unity position on issues, can win elections in America. We will see if that hope is realized.

Dreams From My Father, Barak Obama

Dreams From My Father was written by Barak Obama when he finished law school in 1995, at age 33. As an autobiography up until that age, it is not a book about accomplishments in life, but about the journey of self-discovery that we all make. His journey was different from the journeys most people make because of the choices his mother made. A child of the 60’s, his mother was a flower child, a hippie, who chose a lifestyle very different from that of other girls from Kansas. She went to Hawaii to college and married a Kenyan student, the father of Barak. After she decided not to follow him to Harvard, she married an Indonesian and moved to Indonesia, where she had a daughter. When she decided that Barak needed to move back to the States for his education, Barak lived with her parents, who became his surrogate parents.

As Barak grew up in Hawaii, he went through all the growing pains of other teenagers, trying to discover who he was to become. But as a teen of mixed race, who looked more Black than White, his journey of self-discovery was more difficult than that of most other teens; he also had to discover his identity as a Black or as a White. His confusion, the confusion of most teens, continued through college, but gradually, he made choices similar to those his mother had made. He chose to work in some capacity to help those less fortunate than himself. He chose to become an “organizer” in a Black community, and he landed a job in Chicago. His identity was chosen for him by “fate” – he was to become a Chicago politician. As he continued his journey of self-discovery, he applied for and was accepted to Harvard Law School. However, like so many Americans interested in their genealogy, he wanted to learn more about his father, so he journeyed to Kenya. There, he met his father’s family, and he learned two important things about his self-identity: He felt comfortable with a Black identity, and he was truly an American.

After reading this book, I came away with three overriding impressions of Barak Obama. First, he is a truly gifted writer, far better than most writers. He could easily become extremely successful as a writer. Second, he identifies as a Black American, despite being reared by a white mother and white grandparents. That is not to say that he rejected them or the lessons that they taught him, but that while loving them, he was still different from them. Many teens develop an identity that is very different from that of their parents. Perhaps they move to a far-away place, or adopt a different religion, or in other ways reject the identities of their parents. They love their parents, but develop their own, very different identities. In that way, Barak is like so many other people. Third, in the end, Barak developed an identity that is uniquely his own. Being of mixed race, he developed an identity that is mixed, neither White nor Black. He became a person whose values reflect thought and reflection and an ability to see issues from different perspectives. He became a person who is tolerant and forgiving, rather than rigid and dogmatic. He became a “melting-pot” American, only with a different variety in his genealogy than many of us have.

The Right Attitude To Rain

In The Right Attitude to Rain, Alexander McCall Smith again gives us a charming book that is comfortable to absorb; however, this book takes a surprising turn at the end. In this chapter of her life, Isabel Dalhousie, philosopher and editor of the ethics journal, learns much about her own life. When an aunt visits, she learns about her mother, who died when she was a child, and finds character traits she recognizes in herself. This book, like other Smith books, is a character study, and some of the characters in the book and some of their actions have uncertain dimensions, leaving the reader in doubt. Another very pleasant book by this very pleasant author.

Made In America by Bill Bryson

Although I found the books by Bryson that I had read previously to be long whines and not enjoyable, I really liked Made in America. As advertised, it is an informal history of America, with commentary about the etymology of words that came into use, some of which had origins dating far back in history. Bryson's whining style was not in evidence in this book, and I found his history of America and of our words to be entertaining, as well as informative and interesting. I liked the book so much that I gave it to several other people as gifts. A very enjoyable book.

In the Tennessee Country: A Novel

In the Tennessee Country: A Novel

Jesus said to them, "A prophet is not without honor, except in his own country, and among his own relatives, and in his own household." (Matthew 13:57 and Mark 6:4)

“In the Tennessee country of my forebears, it was not uncommon for a man of good character suddenly to disappear. He might be a young man or a middle-aged man or even sometimes a very old man. Whatever the case, few questions were ever asked. Rather, it was generally assumed that such a man had very likely felt the urging of some inner compulsion and so could not do otherwise than gather up his chattels and move on to resettle himself elsewhere.”

The words of Jesus remind us of a truism in life, well known for thousands of years, the process of “moving away” in order to “find” oneself, one’s true identify in life. Many people must “move away” from the place of their upbringing and their families in order to find their own place in life. In many instances, people can find their own place in life only a short distance from their home places, retaining strong ties to their families. In other instances, people find that they must sever their ties to their families, at least for some period of time, in order to find their own place in life, the place in which they can feel comfortable and grow in life. In some instances, people find their own place in life by establishing a career that is very different from that demanded by their families; in other instances, people find that they must become different people completely from the person they had been. This internal urge to “move away” to “find oneself” is intensely powerful.

In this book, the author describes the effects of the “moving away” process on three men – his cousin Augustus, himself, and his youngest son. All of these people disappeared from their own immediate families to one extent or another in order to find their own places in life. To achieve the “honor” that they needed to feel for themselves. To find the deep happiness that comes from having found one’s true identity. This drive to find inner happiness is very powerful, the inner happiness that can come only from finding oneself, the self that one feels is real, rather than that imposed by family and friends.

In this book, the author describes the “moving away” of three men, but he does not identify the “moving away” process, the deep need for self-identification and self-fulfillment. Indeed, he seems to have no clue about this phenomenon that is so widely known. He describes the process for these men as if it were some mysterious process common only to men of his own area in Tennessee. As a result, he writes what must be one of the most boring books ever published without the thought ever dawning on his mind that these men were not “disappearing” from life, but “finding” life. And the possibility never occurs to him that perhaps the Holy Spirit guides people along the path to self-identification and self-awareness, rather than their simply dropping out of life and disappearing. As a result, he writes a book that is utterly useless and utterly boring, when it could have been so much deeper, so much more enlightening, so much more interesting. What a waste, and what a shame.

Kennedy Center -- 2007 Season

October 14 2006 - Twelve Angry Men - Eisenhower Theater, 7:30 p.m.

December 30, 2006 - The Light in the Piazza - Opera House, 7:30 p.m.

January 13, 2007 - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? - Eisenhower Theater, 7:30 p.m.

March 3, 2007 - Carnival! - Eisenhower Theater, 7:30 p.m.

Plus one other play in June.

Twelve Angry Men

Twelve Angry Men was written in 1954, but it is still emotional and relevant today. Twelve men, in 1954, trying to decide the guilt or innocence of a teenager who was accused of murdering his father. Reviews from the Washington Post and Washington Times are on the Kennedy Center website, so I will not repeat them here. I had seen the movie, starring Henry Fonda, several times, and found myself interested in the way the protagonist found fault with the arguments of the District Attorney and eventually convinced his fellow jurors of the teen's innocence. Of course, the play is not about a trial and the deliberations of a jury, but about the way in which our life experiences and prejudices affect the way we think and feel about a situation. The play is about confronting those prejudices and overcoming them, at least for a moment. Because I had seen the movie several times, and knew that it was an emotional, angry play, I was very hesitant to go to the play. I like to be entertained and made to feel good by the entertainment that I pay for. I like to feel happy. I like musicals. I do not like to pay money to see anger or other deep emotions. This play is about anger. However, I have season tickets to the shows at the Kennedy Center, and this play was one of the ones in the package, so I went. And again I soon found myself deeply interested in the intellectual puzzling out of the case, and the anger was not so much a distraction. The actors were wonderful, with Richard Thomas playing the Henry Fonda part, and George Wendt playing the role of the jury foreman. In addition, the play is one act, and less than two hours long, which made it much more manageable to me. At the end, the actors received a well-deserved standing ovation, and I was pleased that I had gone.

Spiritual Reflections

Ramadan and Rosh Hashanah provide Muslims and Jews an opportunity to reflect on their spiritual lives and renew their commitment to their faith. Christians do not have a similar holiday period of reflection, but perhaps Ramadan and Rosh Hashanah can serve that purpose, at least for me. It is good for me to reflect that God is Spirit, and He created all minds as part of His own Mind. His Mind is perfect, and all of His creations are perfect, remaining within His Mind and part of His Mind. His creations can never change, remaining forever a perfect part of His perfect Mind. Our only function while we are in this world is "forgiveness", a coming to perceive the Mind of God as it acts through our fellow man, overlooking the mistakes made by our fellow man, focusing our attention completely on the Spirit within him. This task is not easy for us to accomplish, but it is our only "salvation" from the "sins" of our fellow man. We are "saved" from his "sins" as we overlook them and focus on the perfect Spirit within him. "I am determined to see." A Course in Miracles.

An Enemy of the People

Although Henrik Ibsen wrote An Enemy of the People in 1882, it remains almost eerily current. The play was very well done and reminded us once again of its powerful message. The play was about a doctor in a small town in Norway, who discovered that the local healing baths were contaminated with bacteria and people were getting sick. He brought his finding to the town authorities, but they wanted to silence him because the local baths generated income for the town from tourists who came to the baths. He was horrified and tried to make his findings public; however, he was thwarted in his efforts, and the more he tried, the stronger the townspeople acted against him and his family. Finally, he was completely ruined.

The play reminds us that even today, "morality" must decide between public health and welfare on the one hand and public wealth on the other. Politicians depend for their very lives on money, so it seems that often they choose the financial well-being of their donors over the greater public good. Just last year, the arthritis drug Vioxx was found to increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke and it was withdrawn from the market. However, scientists at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) testified before the Congress that the health threat of Vioxx had been known for more than two years, but they had been prevented from speaking about it. Even when action was finally taken to remove the drug from the market, the action was taken by the company making the drug, rather than the FDA. Just as when Ibsen wrote this play, the public must decide on the morality of their elected officials versus the morality of those who try to protect them from dangers to their health and their wealth. Inspectors General constantly face this same obstacle in trying to do their jobs. Ibsen remains current today, and one can only hope that eventually he will not be.

The Notebook, by Nicholas Sparks

I have a brother. When we were growing up, we were very close, but then life led us to different coasts, three thousand miles apart. Our lives became quite different, and we gradually became less close. When I saw the Nicholas Sparks book, Three Weeks With My Brother, I thought it would be interesting and bought it. I did find it interesting, but even more interesting to me was Sparks' description of the start of his writing career, which was included in the book. He said that he was in a job that he did not like, and was complaining about it one day to his mother, and she said, "Stop complaining and write a book." Over the next several years, he wrote a book that became The Notebook. He told the story of how he struggled with the book, and how he struggled in finding an agent and then in selling the book to a publisher. I found that story very interesting.

I had never read a book by Nicholas Sparks, although he has written 11 novels. I had heard that he wrote romance novels, but I didn't really know much about him. Then this summer, I was given a copy of The Notebook, but still I was not interested enough to read it until now. It is a book that was on the New York Times bestseller list for more than a year, and a successful movie was made of the book.

So what did I think of the book? It is a very short book. It is the story of the beginning of a love, and the end. As I began to read the book, I found that the writing style was elementary, and I was quite put off by it. Feelings were badly expressed, sentences curt, words elementary. I found it difficult to read the book because of the elementary nature of the writing. However, it is a short book, and I continued to read it, and I found the second part of the book about the end of life very moving. I understand the popularity of the book, not because of the first part, but the second. It is not a great book, but it is a moving brief description of a couple dealing with Alzheimer's disease.

Life of Pi

To me the Life of Pi by Yann Martel is a children's book. It is a fantasy adventure story of a teen age boy. Reading the book was like returning to childhood. I found nothing adult about the book. Although some reviewers called the book a "fable", I do not agree; a fable has a moral, and I did not find a moral in this story. Other reviewers saw religious or spiritual symbolism in the book, but I did not. The first part of the book was about a teen age boy in India, and his interests in animals (his father was a zookeeper) and religion (he was interested in all religions). The main part of the book was a story of being lost at sea in a lifeboat with a 450 pound Bengal tiger. I found this part of the book somewhat boring, like his endless days at sea. I also found this part of the book to be perfect for a child, but really too much of an unrealistic fantasy for me. It was not adult. This book won the Man Booker Prize in 2002. I'm not sure if it won as a children's book or not, but if not, then I am not sure why it won. I would recommend the book to a child, but not to an adult.

The Death of Achilles

The Death of Achilles by Boris Akunin

Boris Akunin has written 11 mysteries with Erast Petrovich Fandorin, the detective reminiscent of Sherlock Holmes, although Fandorin also engages in violence in these stories. This is the fourth that has been translated. This book is interesting because the story is told in two separate parts. The first part is told from the perspective of Fandorin, as the previous books have been. However, the second part of the book is told from the perspective of Achimas Welde, Fandorin's adversary. In this book, Achimas is the far more interesting character, and is portrayed from a sympathetic viewpoint. These books are set in the Russia of the 1880s, and in each one, Fandorin is the protector of the Motherland. However, in this book, Achimas is also the protector of the Motherland, as he has been retained by the rulers to eliminate a military general who is a national hero, but who is leading a military overthrow of the government. Fandorin investigates, despite being ordered not to and even placed under house arrest to prevent his investigation from proceeding. As in all of the Fandorin mysteries, a beautiful woman is an integral part of the plot, and in this case, innocently so. The book is filled with murders and suspense, and danger for the innocent. Akunin informs the reader of the truth through Achimas, the killer, and builds sympathy for a happy outcome both for Achimas and the beautiful Wanda. However, in the end, Akunin chooses death for Achimas, while Achimas saves Wanda. I have now read the four Fandorin mysteries, and I will continue to read them as they are translated from Russian. However, I find them unsatisfying in some ways. First, Akunin finds it necessary to resort to fantasy in places that is a distraction and lessens the quality of the story. In addition, Akunin includes scenes that are completely out of character for his protagonists, also diminishing the quality of the story. And finally, Akunin always includes the death of sympathetic characters, and needlessly so. The books are entertaining, and interesting up to a point, but never rise above the level of "beach reading".

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon, begins as a "murder" mystery, the murder of a dog and the attempt of a boy to find the murderer. However, the book is not at all a murder mystery, or even a mystery. This wonderful little book is about how autistic people think. The book is narrated by a 15 year old autistic boy, and one quickly realizes that the book is not about an incident, any incident, but about the way an autistic boy copes with life, and about how his parents cope with having an autistic child. This book is fascinating. It is written in a very simple language and style as it takes the reader through the thinking processes of an autistic child, and the terrible difficulties that his parents face in coping with him and taking care of him. But is it an accurate reflection of the thinking of an autistic child? That question was answered by the Amazon reviewer Autistic Moggy Mania, who describes herself as "happily autistic in Northern California". She wrote: "Mark Haddon absolutely "got it right" in this book. From descriptions of how overwhelming the man-made world is for us on a sensory level, to frustration with a society that expects us to learn how to recognize neurotypical facial expressions based on simple drawings -- I'm really impressed, everything really does reflect how many of us experience life." (Her complete review is well worth reading on the Amazon link above.) I found the book fascinating, and I highly recommend it.

Expresso Tales

Alexander McCall Smith has written many wonderful little books that leave his readers feeling good. His series of books on the No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency are a joy to read, as are his books on The Sunday Philosophy Club. However, this book did not leave me with the same happy feelings of those books. Last year, McCall Smith published the first of this series -- 44 Scotland Street -- which was first published as a series of 110 columns in the Scotsman newspaper in Edinburgh. The book chronicles the lives of the residents of an apartment building at that address in Edinburgh. Each chapter in the book is approximately three pages long, the length of the newspaper column for that edition. This latest book in that series -- Expresso Tales -- was first published as a series of 105 additional columns and continues to chronicle the lives of the same residents, along with their friends, families and acquaintances.

McCall Smith describes the people with such color that he makes them seem real. Their characters are full and rich. However, the problem I have with this book is that the characters in the book are incredibly boring people who lead incredibly boring lives. Each one is flawed in ways that make them unattractive, and they do nothing interesting at all in their lives. The author seems to take pleasure in creating quirky characters, and to write amusing little stories about their quirkiness. In a few instances, one of the characters almost does something interesting, or attempts to do something interesting, but McCall Smith quickly makes the attempt fail in an embarrassing way, and the character hurries to return to his or her boring life, grateful for not being successful in adding any pleasure or joy to his or her life. The characters have no vitality, no life, no joy. They are boring people who lead boring lives.

And yet, McCall Smith includes nuggets of beauty, such as this: "She had to share her joy, as Lou knew that joy unshared was a halved emotion, just as sadness and loss, when borne alone, were often doubled."

The Shakespeare Theater -- 2007 Season

My tickets arrived for the 2007 Season at the Shakespeare Theater. It will be an interesting year, and I am looking forward to it. My schedule is as follows:

An Enemy of the People 9/21/06 8:00 p.m.
Beaux Stratagem 12/21/06 8:00 p.m.
Richard III 2/22/07 8:00 p.m.
Titus Andronicus 5/10/07 8:00 p.m.
Hamlet 7/12/07 8:00 p.m.

Little Women, the Broadway Musical

As the review in the Washington Post said, Little Women is the "most powerful girly book this country's ever produced." It is hard to find a woman who has not read the book, and it is equally hard to find a man who has. The book has been in print continuously since 1868, and never falls from the Top 10 list of all-time bestsellers. There have been two major film versions of the book, starring Katharine Hepburn in 1933 and June Allyson in 1949, and another version in 1994, starring Winona Ryder. And last season saw the opening of the very successful Broadway musical, starring Maureen McGovern.

As I expected, The Kennedy Center was filled with women and teenage girls who had read the book, or little girls who were taken to see the show by their mothers who had read the book. As for me, although I had never read the book, I found the show enjoyable to an extent. I was not put off by the very female perspective of the story, and I enjoy musicals very much. However, certain technical aspects of the production were less than optimal. The biggest problem was that the orchestra completely overwhelmed the voices of the singers. For a theater like the Kennedy Center, that should not have happened. The words were almost impossible to hear. Maureen McGovern was great, and some of her words were understandable. However, the actor who played Jo did not have a strong voice, and she was completely overwhelmed by the orchestra. It was very unfortunate. All in all, however, the women had a wonderful time at the theater, remembering the story and reliving the time that they read the book for the first time.

Love's Labor's Lost

For centuries the Kingdom of Navarre was the premier independent Basque kingdom in the world. In the 1580's and 1590's, the King of Navarre was a protestant and ally of England. This King sponsored an academy at his court, and actually associated with lords named Biron and Longueville. This King actually wed a French princess, Marguerite, daughter of Catherine de Medici, and prior to the marriage, these two women made visits to Navarre, along with a group of ladies-in-waiting of the French court. The wit and charm of this group of French ladies earned them the name "l'escadron volant" (the flying squadron). The King of Navarre actually wed Marguerite, and changed his religion to Catholic in order to become the King of France, thus becoming the enemy of England, rather than its ally.

Shakespeare's play, Love's Labor's Lost (Shakespeare Theater), is a comedy spoof about how the French ladies visited the King of Navarre and completely outwitted the King and his consorts, the Lords Berowne, Longaville and Dumaine, causing them to abandon their vows to withdraw from the world for a period of three years into the King's academy to seek knowledge and enlightenment. The women outwitted these men, outtalked them, and completely outclassed them. They never for a moment took these shallow men or their professions of love seriously, realizing that they would abandon their vows of love as quickly as they abandoned their vows of austerity. In the end, the women left the men and returned to France, telling the men that if their love was true, they would withdraw from the world and live in austerity for one year (not three). Thus were "love's labors" of the men "lost" as the women departed.

Adding to the wit of the play was the reversal of roles for men and women in England in the 1590s (the time of the play). In the customs of that time, women were the weaker gender, while men were the stronger. In the play, Shakespeare poked fun at the King and his consorts by making them appear as weaklings, completely overpowered by the intellect of the women. Although modern TV sitcoms have portrayed women as smart and men as bumblers, women and men had not been portrayed in that way at the time of the play.

The play was light, airy and fun. Of course, Shakespeare was his usual self in filling the play with words, words, words, and witicisms on top of each other. This play also included more rhyme than usual in Shakespeare plays, making it both more witty and also more interesting. As usual, it is hard to follow a Shakespeare play because of the different language of 400 years ago, and because of the speed of the delivery of the lines. In order to follow the dialogue, one must read the dialogue and become familiar with it before seeing the play.

This adaptation of the play was set in 1960's costumes; it also included the setting of some of the dialogue to music. I found the costumes somewhat distracting at times in contrast to the language being spoken by the actors, but the music was very playful and enlivened the play. All in all, it was a fun performance.

Here is the Washington Post review of the play.

Blue Shoes and Happiness

Blue Shoes and Happiness by Alexander McCall Smith is another in the series of wonderful little books about The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency located in Botswana. These little books are like a cool refreshment on a hot summer's day -- they lift one's spirits and bring joy. Like a soothing massage when one is weary or tense, they bring comfort and relaxation to soothe the difficulties of one's daily life. These little books bring love and forgiveness; they bring hope and peace. What a deep pleasure it is to be invited into the lives of Mma Precious Ramotswe and her able assistant Mma Grace Makutsi. One can never get enough joy in life, or peace of mind, or hope, and one can never get enough of the one who brings such joy and peace through these little books. I love these little books because I love the way they make me feel when I read them -- wonderful.

The Far Pavilions by M. M. Kaye

The Amazon reviewer, “Wysewomon”, gives The Far Pavilions by M. M. Kaye four stars. I agree with her, and I like her review of the book very much. This book is long – 960 pages – and it continues my reading of novels set in India. For me, this book is not as good as A Suitable Boy or Shantaram, but it is a good book. I would give those books five stars, and this one four stars.

In The Far Pavilions, Kaye uses two principal characters to describe numerous personal and cultural conflicts in India in the mid-1800s – the principal character, Ashton Pelham-Martyn and his love, Anjuli. Ashton was born in India of British parents. His mother died at childbirth, and his father died when Ashton was six years old. Until he was 11 years old, Ashton was raised as Ashok by his Hindu nurse, Sita; his dark complexion and hair permitted Sita to raise Ashok as her son for safety reasons. At her death, he learned that he was actually English, and he was sent to England for schooling. After school, he joined the British military (the Guides) and returned to India. One of the principal conflicts of the entire book was the internal conflict that Ashton experienced between being British but feeling Indian.

While Ashton/Ashok was a young boy, he and Sita were servants at the palace of an Indian Maharaja, where Ashok played with a little girl, Anjuli, who was a half-caste princess. Her mother was Russian, and her father was the Maharaja. Because of her half-caste heritage, she too experienced conflict, along with the conflict among the wives and children of the Maharaja. But Anjuli and Ashok became fast friends as children, leading to their lifelong romance.

A second principal conflict that Kaye describes through Ashton is the conflict regarding the British military in India, particularly the conflict arising from the determination of the British military to establish control over Afghanistan during that period. Much of the second half of the book concerns this conflict, and for me, the book really dragged in this part. That is the reason that I give it four stars rather than five.

Kaye’s story of Ashton’s return to India as a military officer and his “accidental” finding of Anjuli again as a young adult was very well done. Kaye’s description of the trials of Anjuli as a half-caste was also fascinating reading. Throughout the book, Kaye painted a beautiful picture of the love between Ashton and Anjuli, and the difficulties and conflicts that arose resulting from the forbidden love between a British military officer and a Hindu. Also throughout the book, Kaye presented interesting descriptions of the conflicts among the various religions and cultures in India, in particular, Hindu, Islam, and the British Christian religions and cultures.

In the end, the forbidden nature of their love, her half-caste heritage, and a variety of other unaccepted realities led Ashton and Anjuli to become new, different identities, who could find acceptance and live peacefully.

Mame

On Saturday evening, June 10, I went to the Kennedy Center
to see the show, Mame, and it was really wonderful. It is odd that I have seen hundreds of Broadway shows, but never before had I seen Mame. It is such a happy show, and the music is really wonderful. I love going to the Kennedy Center, and on a Summer evening, it is even better than usual. They open up all the doors in the Great Hall and let everyone go out on the terrace overlooking the Potomac River. It is really beautiful. Everyone is happy and enjoying themselves. And then to see a really upbeat, happy show is really great. I love seeing musicals, and I love seeing happy shows. I am not one who usually likes to go to a Broadway show to see drama. Tennessee Williams is not a happy experience for me. I like musicals, and Mame is one of the all-time greats. The non-musical "Auntie Mame" was first performed on Broadway in 1958, starring Rosalind Russell, and the musical Mame was first performed in 1966, starring Angela Lansbury (see History of Auntie Mame).

It is odd that the women who have played Mame have not been strong singers, and Christine Baranski, who stars in this version, is not a strong singer. She was fine in the performance; she fit the role of the doting aunt. But I would have enjoyed it more if she had been a stronger singer. And like so many shows, if the show had stopped at intermission, it would have been better. It is odd that so many shows are great before intermission, but weak in the second act, and this show was no exception. Still, it was a wonderful show that left everyone singing and skipping out of the theater.

The Persians

Reserve.

Lie Down With Lions

Lie Down With Lions by Ken Follett is a mindless romantic/spy novel about the war between the Soviet Union and Afghan rebels. The book is about a supposedly well-educated woman who falls in love with a CIA agent and then a spy for the Soviet Union, who travels to Afghanistan to be with her husband, the Soviet spy. The novel describes the conflict between the two men, one of whom (the Soviet spy) conveniently becomes abusive toward her, giving her an excuse to kill him and marry the CIA agent. This book was not as good as some other romance novels and chicklit books I have read, but it was okay for the airplane and the ship.

The Year 1000 : What Life Was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium

The Year 1000 : What Life Was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium by Danny Danziger, Robert Lacey is a brief, light, easy-to-read overview of life in the year 1000 in England. I found the book very interesting and amusing, and not at all boring, as history can sometimes be. The book describes living conditions for average people at that time. There were no engines of any kind, so there was no noise from any engines. There were no written documents for people to read; 99 percent of the people were illiterate. There was no knowledge of sanitation or the cause of disease, and lifespan was about 40 years. Life was filled with terrible odors; barnyards were adjacent to houses, and dung was used as insulation. There was no coffee, tea, or sugar, and no potatoes. Some of the main issues of the day included the establishment of a calendar, and the annual date for Easter. Food was scarce at certain times of the year.

Reading the book reminded me that people at that time had no idea what the year 2000 might be like, and I suspect that we do not have any idea what the year 3000 might be like. For some years, I have thought about change in the world, and it has been my impression that slowly, inexorably, the world is improving. It also seems to me that the pace of change and improvement is accelerating, and vastly improved communication seems to me to be leading the way to the accelerated change. The Internet alone has had led to enormous changes, as has television. To me, the Internet has brought about the greatest change that has occurred in my lifetime. It has opened up communication among all people, increasing knowledge and understanding and friendship.

Change is usually led by youth, who don't want to be tied to the past; they want things to be better. They are not as afraid of change as older people are. I have thought for a long time that the old in society have to die, or at least step aside, before change can occur and progress made.

This little book also reminded me how brief our lives are in the grand scheme of history. If you think about the totality of history, or even the past 1000 or 2000 years (a mere drop in the ocean of all of history), our lives are miniscule, a mere speck in time. However, when added together, we all add to the change that is occurring.

Tamarind Woman

Tamarind Woman by Anita Rau Badami is the story of Saroja. The story is told first through the eyes of her daughter, Kamini, but then by Saroja herself. It is a sad story of a very bright girl, who wanted to become a doctor. However, she had a sharp tongue -- a Tamarind tongue -- and it resulted in her father deciding to find a husband for her rather than letting her continue her studies. The man who was found for her to marry was much older than she was, and he lived a traditional Indian life, in which he worked and his wife stayed at home. He worked for the Indian railway system, and was away from home three weeks of every month. When he was at home, he ignored Saroja, and seldom spoke to her. Thus, this very bright girl became very isolated, and her isolation was very hard for her to bear. She had two children, girls, who moved to North America when they were grown, thus increasing her isolation still further. After her husband's death, Saroja took trips on the Indian railway, but her isolation remained with her until the end. I did not care for The Hero's Walk, but I liked this book very much, although it was a sad book.

Flash House by Aimee Liu

Flash House is a mystery story set in the period 1949-1951, the time of the Chinese Communist revolution and the time of the McCarthy era in the United States. Some novels are simply entertaining stories, with no underlying moral, philosophical, or psychological theme. Brick Lane is a book about transitions in life, about human growth, about finding joy in life. Flash House is an entertaining story with no underlying theme; it could easily be imagined as a movie (although probably with a different ending). Flash House is well written, though Aimee Liu is not the writer that Monica Ali is. Written by a woman, the book was written from a feminine point of view, actually two feminine points of view. The book traces the lives of two principal characters – Kamla, a 10 year old girl who has been sold to the operator of a dirty, cheap house of prostitution in New Delhi, India, and Joanna Shaw, the wife of a newsman in New Delhi and a woman who runs a home that rescues young prostitutes and trains them for lives outside of prostitution. The novel switches back and forth between the voice of Kamla, who tells her story, and the voice of an unseen narrator, who tells the story of Joanna Shaw as well as other characters in the book. Kamla’s story is about her joyful rescue from the house of prostitution, her involvement with Joanna Shaw, her fear and eventual abandonment by Joanna Shaw, and her triumph in life after all of her ordeals. Joanna Shaw’s story is about the disappearance of her husband and her dogged tracking of him throughout China, helped by one of his friends, who turned out to be an Australian setting up a spy operation in Southeast Asia. The end of the book was unsatisfying for me, but it was positive and brought a feeling of completion to the story.

Brick Lane by Monica Ali

Just as Shantaram is a masculine book, Brick Lane is a feminine book. This book was written by a woman; its heroes are women; and all of its men are badly flawed and unattractive. Brick Lane is a book about the mental growth and transformations that occur in life. It is a book about women taking charge of their lives, rather than leaving Fate, or men, in charge. The book focuses on the transformation of one woman, Nazneen, from a poor, uneducated girl in Bangladesh, to a mature, independent woman, living in London. However, the book also traces the transformation of other characters in the book, particularly Nazneen’s husband, Chanu, who is portrayed as a pathetic man who, though educated, is completely lost in life, with delusions of his own self-importance, fumbling his way along, giving up his job and finally losing his family.

The story is complex, chronicling the lives of two sisters who begin life with completely opposite attitudes about life. The story contrasts Nazneen, who is taught to accept Fate (and who does) with her sister, Hasina, who from the beginning of her life, is determined to take charge of her own fate, is determined to have a happy life. The book carefully develops the transformation of Nazneen into a woman more like her sister, who gradually decides no longer to accept her fate or the inane whims of her husband or other men in her life, but who decides instead to take charge of her life and her fate, determined to find happiness both for herself and her two daughters. The story details the travails of both sisters, weaving their lives together, with Hasina never losing hope for happiness despite terrible hardships, and Nazneen finally finding that same hope and determination. Nazneen’s growth in life includes an affair with a young man, Karim, who also is struggling to find his own way in life. In the end, Nazneen lets him go as she realizes that he is moving toward an even deeper unreality, while the person to whom she thought she was attracted was only her own invention, her own imagination.

A good author must write well and have a good story to tell, and Monica Ali succeeds in both. This book is extremely well written, drawing the reader into the story with the words and the structure of the story. The story is believable and compelling. Brick Lane is a book about the triumph of hope over despair, of joy over sorrow, of determination over acceptance. One image is used to portray the growth and transformation of Nazneen. In her deepest despair, she is drawn to the hope and joy she feels in watching ice skaters on TV; and in the end, she finds that hope and joy in her own life as she becomes a joyful ice skater herself. Brick Lane is very good book, a very inspiring book that leaves the reader feeling happy to have read it. However, it is also a book that portrays women as needing to find their own hope and joy, and men as incompetent, unattractive and undesirable.

Cezanne in Provence

An exhibition of 117 of Cezanne's paintings is currently on display at the National Gallery of Art. Cezanne This exhibition focuses on the paintings of Cézanne in and around his native Aix-en-Provence, and the exhibit marks the centenary of the death of Paul Cézanne (1839–1906). This exhibition displays landscape paintings around Provence, and also many other paintings of Cezanne during his lifetime -- portraits, still lifes, and watercolors. The exhibit displays Cezanne's development as an artist during the years that he lived in Provence, from 1860 until the end of his life. The exhibit shows his Impressionist paintings, his palette knife paintings, and his progression as a painter leading up to the beginnings of Cubism.

I am not a fan of Cezanne. Although I do enjoy some of his early Impressionist paintings, and I find his palette knife paintings interesting, I find much of his techinque and his subject matter uninspiring. Many of his paintings seem to be unfinished, leaving parts of the canvas unexposed. His paintings focus on trees (often filling the entire canvas with trees), large rocks, and a single mountain, Mont Sainte-Victoire. His paintings are filled with greys and blues, and seem dark and gloomy and uninspired. And his technique of painting blocks of color seems childlike. As a person untrained in art, it is hard for me to understand Cezanne's place in art. His works pale by comparison with those of other Impressionists, such as Monet, Pizarro, Renoir, and Degas, whose paintings fill one with awe and inspiration. Compare, for example the richness of Degas' painting, L'absinthe with a comparable painting of Cezanne, The Card Players. I am pleased that I went to the exhibition, but I am left with wonder, rather than awe. This is the Washington Post review of the exhibition.

Shantaram, by Gregory David Roberts

Shantaram, by Gregory David Roberts
Amazon
Shantaram
Wikipedia

As of today, January 20, 2006, the Amazon sales rank for Shantaram is #3,350. Many people have not yet discovered this book. Although this book is long and at times somewhat tedious, it is a very interesting story based on the life of the author. This book is very masculine. It is a book about men -- rough men -- and the rough life they lead in the Bombay mafia. It is a book about violence. This book reminds me of The Godfather. Gregory David Roberts is a gifted author who writes with such skill that the reader is almost mesmerized by the story and hungry to continue to read, not wanting to stop until the story is completed, and yet never wanting the story to end. Shantaram is a story of a man who makes "wrong" decisions, and suffers the consequences of those decisions. Over and over again throughout the book, I found myself anguished by his decisions, wanting to make other decisions for him, not wanting him to continue to cause himself to suffer. I wanted him to be happy, to enjoy life, to be at peace. And yet, his decisions and the consequences of those decisions result in a wonderful story. This book is one of the three best books I have read in the past five years -- along with The Da Vinci Code and A Suitable Boy. This book will not enjoy the success of The Da Vinci Code because it is too long and not fast-paced enough, but I will read this book again. It is a great story, written in a wonderful way.

Wicked

Wicked Kennedy Center

The link to the Washington Post review is on the site, and it is well worth reading.

As always, I judge shows and movies by the way they make me feel. If I pay money to be entertained, I like to feel good afterward, and this show did not let me down. I thought the show was very good -- not exceptional, but very good. It is a musical, of course, and it is really for children, but it was very good. Of course, the staging at the Kennedy Center is always overwhelming. The sets are incredible, and they add a lot to the feeling of the performance. This show was about a little girl who was different from the other little girls, so she was scorned and told she was a witch. The show is all about her trials and tribulations as she grew up different from the other little girls. Not pretty like them. But with a very loving heart, who wanted to help animals and people who needed help. The show was a contrast between her and the pretty girl who had all the friends and the wonderful boyfriend, just because she was pretty. But the ugly girl befriended the pretty girl, despite the mean things the pretty girl did, and in the end, the handsome boyfriend went with the ugly girl with the wonderful heart, rather than the pretty girl who was selfish. So it ended well. The place was filled with children, especially little girls, and they loved it. The music was good, but not memorable. Stephanie Block, who plays Elphaba, the "witch", had a wonderful voice; she was incredible. All in all, a very good performance of a children's story.

Comedy of Errors

Comedy of Errors Shakespeare Theater

Although this was Shakespeare's first play, and is considered an "apprentice's play", it is delightful and fun. From the beginning, Shakespeare had fun in his plays -- fun with words and fun with situations. He was a master entertainer, who created situations and wrote words that were playful, that made his audience feel happy. He left them laughing and wanting more. In this play as in some of his other plays, he was able to take a well-known story and enhance it, making it more complex and more entertaining than the original. As usual, the staging at the Shakespeare Theater was spartan, but more elaborate sets are not needed for Shakespeare's plays. The imagination is sufficient. Seeing this play was a wonderful experience, and left me feeling happy -- the true purpose of entertainment.

Selected Stories of Anton Chekhov

Selected Stories of Anton Chekhov (Paperback) Amazon
Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky

I am told by Russian friends that Chekhov's stories are realistic descriptions of prerevolutionary Russia. If that is so, then it was truly a horrible place in every respect -- living conditions and customs and thinking of its people. I found this book devoid of value to me. Chekhov was not the great writer that Gogol was, with wonderful descriptions of places and motivations and actions of his characters. And his stories had no value to me but to describe one horrible situation after another. I had incredible difficulty forcing myself to complete this book, and I was very happy when I had finished it. I truly do not understand why Chekhov is considered a great writer.

Windmills

Windmills offshore in Copenhagen. Wind power now accounts for one-half of all public power in Denmark. The Danes have reduced their reliance on oil.
The windmills are huge, about 250 feet high.

Windmills in Amsterdam.

And now we see that windmills have been constructed in the Philippines. As oil becomes more scarce, and the price increases, greater reliance on wind to generate electric power seems inevitable.(Link)

Madame Matisse

Madame Matisse
Helen Frankenthaler, 1983
Acrylic on canvas, 60x122 1/2 inches
University Art Museum
State University of New York at Albany

Born in 1928 in New York City.

"Frankenthaler is best known for changing the direction of Abstract Expressionism in the 1950s when she began pouring cans of paint directly onto unsized, unstretched canvas. Madame Matisse is an example of how acrylic paint improved Frankenthaler's technique. The water-based paint helped intensify color stains and control the halo effect that oil paint produced." (From website of SUNY Albany, Art Museum Link)

Although I do not really care for much of Frankenthaler's work, I do like this piece very much. (I judge all art work in the same way -- by the feeling it evokes in me.)

Nude Descending a Staircase, Marcel Duchamp

Nude Descending a Staircase
(No. 2)
Marcel Duchamp
American, born in France
1887-1968
1912 Oil on canvas


This painting created a sensation when it was exhibited in New York in February 1913 at the historic Armory Show of contemporary art, where perplexed Americans saw it as representing all the tricks they felt European artists were playing at their expense. The picture's outrageousness surely lay in its seemingly mechanical portrayal of a subject at once so sensual and time-honored. The Nude's destiny as a symbol also stemmed from its remarkable aggregation of avant-garde concerns: the birth of cinema; the Cubists' fracturing of form; the Futurists' depiction of movement; the chromophotography of Etienne-Jules Marey, Eadweard Muybridge, and Thomas Eakins; and the redefinitions of time and space by scientists and philosophers. The painting was bought directly from the Armory Show for three hundred dollars by a San Francisco dealer. Marcel Duchamp's great collector-friend Walter Arensberg was able to buy the work in 1927, eleven years after Duchamp had obligingly made him a hand-colored, actual-size photographic copy. Today both the copy and the original, together with a preparatory study, are owned by the Museum. (Description taken from the website of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Nude)

This painting was not intended to depict the Madonna, but that is the image that comes to my mind when I look at it. It is my favorite painting of all time. I have a copy hanging in my home, and I feel a sense of reverence when I look at it, as I do every day.

Othello, The National Shakespeare Theater

Hundreds of books have been written by learned scholars about Shakespeare's Othello. I will not try to write anything learned about the play, but will simply give my own impressions. As we know, the play is a tragedy about a man who is led to feel the deep pangs of jealousy and fear that his wife is having an affair with another man. Jealousy stems from insecurity, from fear of loss of someone held dear, and that particular type of insecurity can be inflamed by one so inclined. A rational person would question information given to him regarding the infidelity of his love, would check it out to ensure that it is accurate, would not jump to conclusions. But people who are jealous are not entirely rational people; they are insecure, often extremely insecure. As we know, murders of wives, former wives, and girlfriends are among the most common of all murders, and even more women suffer ongoing physical and mental abuse by jealous men. Women who make the mistake, often unknowing, of becoming involved with jealous men suffer dearly for their mistake.

As was the case with Othello, some men may not be aware of their tendency toward jealousy until they fall deeply in love. Like Othello, some men may live their lives with no feelings of insecurity and jealousy until they find a woman they simply cannot live without. They develop feelings of dependency on a particular woman; they come to believe that their happiness depends on her, and they make her their slave, a slave to serve their own happiness. They demand total allegiance, total subjugation to their desires, their whims. Constantly, they are plagued by their fear of loss. Nor can they help themselves. Their fear is a disease, completely outside their own control, and it plagues not only them, but also the object of their fear.

In Othello, Shakespeare added complexity to the basic exploration of jealousy. He added the complexity of a man of a different race, different religion, and different age from his wife. In addition, he added the complexity of Iago, a Machiavellian mind bent on the destruction of Othello. Shakespeare also created characters who were naive, simple people who could easily be manipulated by the evil Iago; indeed, the only character in the play who is not simple and naive is Iago. He manipulated everyone else in the play. Thus, to some extent, it seemed to me that the play would more appropriately have been named Iago rather than Othello.

I was pleased that I had reread the play before seeing it. It helped me to follow the dialogue and more importantly, it helped me not to be affected by the emotions of the play. I like happiness and joy; I don't like sadness. And I like plays that are happy plays, rather than plays that are sad. Rereading the play in advance helped me to react more technically to the play rather than emotionally.

As stated on the website for The Shakespeare Theater, "Shakespeare's principal source for the plot was a short story by the Italian writer Cinthio Giambattista Giraldi (1504-1574), who included it in a collection of 100 domestic stories titled Hecatommithi, published in Venice in 1566. No English translation is believed to have existed before 1753, so Shakespeare may have read it in either the original Italian or in a French translation published in 1584. A handful of lines from Shakespeare's text recall phrases from the Italian and French versions, suggesting that he may have read it in both languages."

Othello was first performed on November 1, 1604, and has been in constant production for most of the past 400 hundred years. Insecurity and the pain that it causes continues to be a human condition that people can relate to and find sympathy for. I continue to admire Shakespeare for his professionalism, his ability to write and produce plays that were commercial successes. He had great technical ability to take an idea and turn it into a successful play.

Othello, The Shakespeare Theater
http://www.shakespearedc.org/othello.html

The Collected Tales of Nikolai Gogol

To me, Gogol summarized his writing best: "But what is strangest, what is most incomprehensible of all is how authors can choose such subjects. I confess, that is utterly inconceivable, it is...no, no, I utterly fail to understand. In the first place, there is decidedly no benefit to the fatherland; in the second place...but in the second place, there is also no benefit. I simply do not know what it...." I would ask the question in a different way: How can such a brilliant writer waste his talents writing such drivel.

When I read Vikram Seth, I wondered why such a good writer would always write stories in which his central character was so stupid. When I read D.H. Lawrence's "Women in Love" I wondered again why such a brilliant writer would write a book with such a stupid ending. It seems that some brilliant writers have difficulty with their story lines; a brilliant author is one who combines brilliant writing with a brilliant story. Some writers are brilliant writers, but not brilliant authors because they are lacking in their ability to write good stories. To me, Gogol falls into this category. His writing is truly brilliant, but his stories are completely intellectually vacuous.

On the other hand, I am very pleased that I read this book. Reading one story was worth reading the entire book -- "The Diary of a Madman." That is one of the most moving stories I have ever read -- exceedingly sad and moving. In addition, Gogol's writing, even about inane subjects, is truly wonderful. Sometimes I found myself forgetting the story and simply marveling at the words he used and the way he wrote. He was a truly brilliant writer. I feel good about reading the book; I learned something about a renowned writer, I read one truly great story, and I was mesmerized by his writing ability. So I feel good about reading the book.

Hairspray

Last night, I went to the Kennedy Center to see "Hairspray". The show was a movie in 1988, but was produced on Broadway in 2002. If you Google John Waters, you will get about 60,000 hits, you can get a professional description of "Hairspray". It is particularly interesting to see the movie stars who were in the original movie. I will give you my strictly amateur version. John Waters grew up in Baltimore, and like most writers, he wrote about his own observations in life. In this show, he created caricatures of people he saw in real life in Baltimore in the 1950s. Television stations in many East Coast cities during the late 50s and early 60s had afternoon shows for teenagers in which teens danced to popular rock music, and this show was about the teen dance show in Baltimore, or more precisely, about the integration of the show by both unattractive teens and Blacks. Waters wrote characters who were caricatures of people. The lead in the show was a "chunky" girl who wanted to be a dancer on the show, but was not "beautiful" enough to be on TV. Her mother was an obese woman, and her dad was was a very thin man who owned a souvenier stand. Her best friend was a pretty dull girl, whose mother was even less brilliant. The pretty girl on the TV show was the daughter of the show's producer, and a spoiled brat. The tension of the show was in the struggle of the plump girl to get on the show. An added struggle was also introduced when she was sent to detention at school and there, learned new dance steps from Black kids who were also in detention. In the end, all worked out happily. The music of the show was good, upbeat, but not memorable. An added bonus in the show last night was that the normal lead in the show was not able to perform and was replaced by her understudy, who was brilliant -- Katrina Rose Dideriksen. When she came out for her bow at the end of the show, she got a standing ovation, and she cried at that. It was quite touching. A very good show. Here is the link:
http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=showEvent&event=TFTSH#details

Lady Windermere's Fan, June 30, 2005

I have seen many plays; I estimate 150 at least. This play was in the top group, perhaps the top 10 of all the plays I have seen. The set alone was one of the most beautiful, most wonderful sets I have ever seen. It was incredibly grand and beautiful. The actors were dressed in formal costumes most of the play, and that added to the beauty and elegance. Dixie Carter was the lead, Mrs. Erlynne, and she was wonderful, and her husband of many years, Hal Holbrook, was in the audience. And of course, the play itself is wonderful. It is truly a wonderful play. I was in awe. They got a standing ovation, and I was among those standing. What a wonderful play. Here is the link:

http://www.shakespearetheatre.org/lwf.html

Here are some wonderful quotes from the play:

LORD DARLINGTON. Do you know I am afraid that good people do a great deal of harm in this world. Certainly the greatest harm they do is that they make badness of such extraordinary importance. It is absurd to divide people into good and bad. People are either charming or tedious. I take the side of the charming, and you, Lady Windermere, can't help belonging to them.

LADY WINDERMERE. Are ALL men bad?
DUCHESS OF BERWICK. Oh, all of them, my dear, all of them, without any exception. And they never grow any better. Men become old, but they never become good.
DUCHESS OF BERWICK. Pretty child! I was like that once. Now I know that all men are monsters. [LADY WINDERMERE rings bell.] The only thing to do is to feed the wretches well. A good cook does wonders, and that I know you have. My dear Margaret, you are not going to cry?
LADY WINDERMERE. You needn't be afraid, Duchess, I never cry.
DUCHESS OF BERWICK. That's quite right, dear. Crying is the refuge of plain women but the ruin of pretty ones.

LORD WINDERMERE. How hard good women are!
LADY WINDERMERE. How weak bad men are!

MRS ERLYNNE. I can fancy dancing through life with you and finding it charming.

LADY PLYMDALE. How very interesting! How intensely interesting! I really must have a good stare at her. [Goes to door of ball-room and looks in.] I have heard the most shocking things about her. They say she is ruining poor Windermere. And Lady Windermere, who goes in for being so proper, invites her! How extremely amusing! It takes a thoroughly good woman to do a thoroughly stupid thing.

DUMBY. Sensible woman, Lady Windermere. Lots of wives would have objected to Mrs. Erlynne coming. But Lady Windermere has that uncommon thing called common sense.

LADY PLYMDALE. Because I want you to take my husband with you. He has been so attentive lately, that he has become a perfect nuisance. Now, this woman is just the thing for him. He'll dance attendance upon her as long as she lets him, and won't bother me. I assure you, women of that kind are most useful. They form the basis of other people's marriages.
DUCHESS OF BERWICK. [L.C.] Yes, dear, these wicked women get our husbands away from us, but they always come back, slightly damaged, of course.
DUMBY. What a mystery you are!

LORD DARLINGTON. Between men and women there is no friendship possible. There is passion, enmity, worship, love, but no friendship. I love you –

LORD WINDERMERE. Well, that is no business of yours, is it, Cecil?
CECIL GRAHAM. None! That is why it interests me. My own business always bores me to death. I prefer other people's.

LORD AUGUSTUS. I prefer women with a past. They're always so demmed amusing to talk to.

CECIL GRAHAM. [Coming towards him L.C.] My dear Arthur, I never talk scandal. I only talk gossip.
LORD WINDERMERE. What is the difference between scandal and gossip?
CECIL GRAHAM. Oh! gossip is charming! History is merely gossip. But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality. Now, I never moralise. A man who moralises is usually a hypocrite, and a woman who moralises is invariably plain. There is nothing in the whole world so unbecoming to a woman as a Nonconformist conscience. And most women know it, I'm glad to say.

CECIL GRAHAM. Now, my dear Tuppy, don't be led astray into the paths of virtue. Reformed, you would be perfectly tedious. That is the worst of women. They always want one to be good. And if we are good, when they meet us, they don't love us at all. They like to find us quite irretrievably bad, and to leave us quite unattractively good.

DUMBY. I congratulate you, my dear fellow. In this world there are only two tragedies. One is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it. The last is much the worst; the last is a real tragedy! But I am interested to hear she does not love you. How long could you love a woman who didn't love you, Cecil?

CECIL GRAHAM. What is a cynic? [Sitting on the back of the sofa.]
LORD DARLINGTON. A man who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing.
CECIL GRAHAM. And a sentimentalist, my dear Darlington, is a man who sees an absurd value in everything, and doesn't know the market price of any single thing.

DUMBY. Experience is the name every one gives to their mistakes.
CECIL GRAHAM. [Standing with his back to the fireplace.] One shouldn't commit any. [Sees LADY WINDERMERE'S fan on sofa.]
DUMBY. Life would be very dull without them.

LADY WINDERMERE. [Rising.] She is sure to tell him. I can fancy a person doing a wonderful act of self-sacrifice, doing it spontaneously, recklessly, nobly--and afterwards finding out that it costs too much. Why should she hesitate between her ruin and mine? . . How strange! I would have publicly disgraced her in my own house. She accepts public disgrace in the house of another to save me. . . . There is a bitter irony in things, a bitter irony in the way we talk of good and bad women. . . . Oh, what a lesson! and what a pity that in life we only get our lessons when they are of no use to us! For even if she doesn't tell, I must. Oh! the shame of it, the shame of it. To tell it is to live through it all again. Actions are the first tragedy in life, words are the second. Words are perhaps the worst. Words are merciless. . . Oh!

LADY WINDERMERE. [Rising.] There is a bitter irony in things, a bitter irony in the way we talk of good and bad women. . . . Oh, what a lesson! and what a pity that in life we only get our lessons when they are of no use to us! For even if she doesn't tell, I must. Oh! the shame of it, the shame of it. To tell it is to live through it all again. Actions are the first tragedy in life, words are the second. Words are perhaps the worst. Words are merciless. . . Oh!

LADY WINDERMERE. Arthur, Arthur, don't talk so bitterly about any woman. I don't think now that people can be divided into the good and the bad as though they were two separate races or creations. What are called good women may have terrible things in them, mad moods of recklessness, assertion, jealousy, sin. Bad women, as they are termed, may have in them sorrow, repentance, pity, sacrifice. And I don't think Mrs. Erlynne a bad woman--I know she's not.
LORD WINDERMERE. [Smiling as he strokes her hair.] Child, you and she belong to different worlds. Into your world evil has never entered.
LADY WINDERMERE. Don't say that, Arthur. There is the same world for all of us, and good and evil, sin and innocence, go through it hand in hand. To shut one's eyes to half of life that one may live securely is as though one blinded oneself that one might walk with more safety in a land of pit and precipice.

MRS. ERLYNNE. [Rising.] I suppose, Windermere, you would like me to retire into a convent, or become a hospital nurse, or something of that kind, as people do in silly modern novels. That is stupid of you, Arthur; in real life we don't do such things--not as long as we have any good looks left, at any rate. No--what consoles one nowadays is not repentance, but pleasure. Repentance is quite out of date. And besides, if a woman really repents, she has to go to a bad dressmaker, otherwise no one believes in her. And nothing in the world would induce me to do that. No; I am going to pass entirely out of your two lives. My coming into them has been a mistake--I discovered that last night.
LORD WINDERMERE. A fatal mistake.
MRS. ERLYNNE. [Smiling.] Almost fatal.
LORD WINDERMERE. I am sorry now I did not tell my wife the whole thing at once.
MRS. ERLYNNE. I regret my bad actions. You regret your good ones- -that is the difference between us.

MRS. ERLYNNE. Yes. [Pause.] You are devoted to your mother's memory, Lady Windermere, your husband tells me.
LADY WINDERMERE. We all have ideals in life. At least we all should have. Mine is my mother.
MRS. ERLYNNE. Ideals are dangerous things. Realities are better. They wound, but they're better.
LADY WINDERMERE. [Shaking her head.] If I lost my ideals, I should lose everything.
MRS. ERLYNNE. Everything?
LADY WINDERMERE. Yes. [Pause.]
MRS. ERLYNNE. Did your father often speak to you of your mother?
LADY WINDERMERE. No, it gave him too much pain. He told me how my mother had died a few months after I was born. His eyes filled with tears as he spoke. Then he begged me never to mention her name to him again. It made him suffer even to hear it. My father- -my father really died of a broken heart. His was the most ruined life I know.
MRS. ERLYNNE. [Rising.] I am afraid I must go now, Lady Windermere.
LADY WINDERMERE. [To MRS. ERLYNNE.] Oh! What am I to say to you? You saved me last night? [Goes towards her.]
MRS. ERLYNNE. Hush--don't speak of it.
LADY WINDERMERE. I must speak of it. I can't let you think that I am going to accept this sacrifice. I am not. It is too great. I am going to tell my husband everything. It is my duty.
MRS. ERLYNNE. It is not your duty--at least you have duties to others besides him. You say you owe me something?
LADY WINDERMERE. I owe you everything.
MRS. ERLYNNE. Then pay your debt by silence. That is the only way in which it can be paid. Don't spoil the one good thing I have done in my life by telling it to any one. Promise me that what passed last night will remain a secret between us. You must not bring misery into your husband's life. Why spoil his love? You must not spoil it. Love is easily killed. Oh! how easily love is killed. Pledge me your word, Lady Windermere, that you will never tell him. I insist upon it.

MRS. ERLYNNE. [Humbly.] Nothing. I know it--but I tell you that your husband loves you--that you may never meet with such love again in your whole life--that such love you will never meet--and that if you throw it away, the day may come when you will starve for love and it will not be given to you, beg for love and it will be denied you--Oh! Arthur loves you!

Hecuba, May 29, 2005

Saturday night, I attended the play "Hecuba" at the Kennedy Center. This play is a Greek tragedy written by Euripides in 425 BC. As advertised, the play was very tragic and very sad. It was extremely well done, by the Royal Shakespeare Company, but in the end, it was still a tragedy that left everyone feeling pretty horrible. Because I have season tickets, I sit near the same group of people most of the time. ALL of the women were of one mind about this play -- they did not like it. The play is about a woman whose last two remaining children were killed, and then in an act of revenge, she killed two young boys of the man who killed her last son. Everyone lost in this play. However, the play was a morality play -- about the morality of the time. It was a play whose message was that killing was hurtful, although killing for revenge was not only acceptable, but honored. It seems to me that society still believes that revenge killing is a good thing, so I am not sure how far we have come in the past 2500 years. In those days, when armies conquered a people, they killed all of the men and many of the children as well. The women were made slaves. Euripides tried to show that making the women slaves, and killing their children were wrong, and created great emotional pain and suffering. However, he still believed that slavery was okay, in general, and that if a woman's children were killed, revenge killing was right and honorable. Even now, the play was very thought provoking. I was not affected by the tragedy; I had read the play before going, and I knew what to expect. I found the morality of the play to be very interesting. It is also interesting that Euripides was permitted to stage such a play at that time.

Toulouse-Lautrec, April 18, 2005

Today I visited an exhibit at the National Gallery of Art -- "Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre". It was a wonderful exhibit. Toulouse-Lautrec posters are happy posters; their purpose was advertising. Their intent was to convey happiness and joy, and they were incredibly successful. It is too bad that Toulouse-Lautrec died at the age of 36; he could have done so much more if he had lived to be an old man, as Picasso did. Here is the link to the exhibition: Toulouse Lautrec
If you love Paris, and love the Montmartre area of Paris, you will love this happy exhibit.

Mr. Roberts, April 3, 2002

Last night, I saw the play "Mr. Roberts" at the Kennedy Center. This play was on Broadway in 1948, and it is about men on a cargo ship in the Pacific Ocean during the second world war. I think the play is supposed to be a comedy, although it really was not funny to me. As a comedy, the play is supposed to be shallow, a light-hearted look at the war. To me, it is a characterization of what we think of when we think of sailors during the war -- a bunch of very aggressive young men, who complain constantly on the ship, and get drunk and fight and complain and fight some more. Although they talk constantly about women, they have no contact with women except a prostitute once in awhile. Mostly they drink and fight. Not a very attractive play.