Tamburlaine, Christopher Marlowe

Tamburlaine, by Christopher Marlowe
Shakespeare Theatre Company
Sidney Harmon Hall

Who was Christopher Marlowe, and why do we care? Christopher Marlowe invented the dramatic form that Shakespeare copied and perfected. Tamburlaine was Marlowe's first play, and with it, he completely changed drama. He introduced the use of blank verse, combining it with sweeping historical drama. Tamburlaine was a huge success, and Shakespeare immediately copied it, as he copied so many ideas in his plays. Marlowe died at the age of 29, after writing only one more significant play, Edward II(which will be performed later), and Shakespeare went on to perfect the new dramatic style.

Like many plays (and stories), Tamburlaine is a play about a man whose great achievements were eventually undone by his character flaws. Because I don't particularly enjoy watching a person's life crumble because of self-destructive character flaws, I did not find the play particularly interesting. So many times in life we see people destroy their lives through self-destructive psychological problems, and it is always sad. Plays about people who succeed because of personality traits are much more inspiring and enjoyable to me.

Sister Pelagia and the White Bulldog, Boris Akunin

Sister Pelagia and the White Bulldog
by Boris Akunin

Boris Akunin reminds me very much of Alexander McCall Smith. Both authors write mysteries of a light and amusing nature based in a far-away place that itself is mysterious for the reader. Akunin also bases his mysteries in a far-away time, Tsarist Russia of the nineteenth century. The books of both authors are pleasant to read; they are not ponderous or heavy, and the reader is permitted to know in advance that the sleuth will solve the case in an unexpected and very clever manner, based primarily on keen observations of facts that the reader is not permitted to know in advance. Both authors provide philosophical lectures along with their mysteries. And now both authors have created female sleuths of a light and amusing nature. If one reason for reading is pleasant escape, then these books succeed in that goal. These authors pleasantly transport their readers to another world filled with fantasy and mystery.

In this book, Akunin introduces his female sleuth, Sister Pelagia, and sends her off to solve the mystery of the death of a white bulldog. As she solves this "crime", the reader is led through the culture of a remote village in nineteenth century Tsarist Russia. One of the techniques Akunin uses to entertain the reader is to employ the Russian custom of using two sets of very complicated Russian names for each person in the book -- either the character's first two names, or the single last name. This technique produces a puzzle for the reader, who must quickly learn these names and remember them when continuing to read after the book has been put aside for a time.

These books are meant to be fun, and they are fun. They are not intended as serious books, but as pleasant little escapes into a fantasy world.

Sixty Million Frenchmen Can't Be Wrong

Sixty Million Frenchmen Can't Be Wrong
by Jean-Benoit Nadeau and Julie Barlow

Related Website:
Better Understand France and the French

My total time spent in France is less than two months, spread over four visits. Each time I have visited, I have loved it. I have found the people to be friendly, even though I do not speak any French. But most of all, I have loved the beauty of France. It seems incredible to me that an entire nation of people could care so much for beauty that they have made an entire nation beautiful -- and they keep it that way. Beauty is important to French people. Beauty is also important to me, and I have wondered all my life why Americans seem to strive for ugliness in their surroundings rather than beauty.

With that attitude in mind, I was attracted to this book when I saw a friend reading it, and I was happy when it was then presented to me as a gift. The book was written by a husband and wife team of Canadian journalists who lived in Paris for two years on a fellowship whose purpose was to study French culture. This book describes the history of French culture and the French system of government. The book was written not by academic historians, but by journalists; it is not an academic book, but is written in a popular style. The book is enjoyable to read.

When reading a "nonfiction" book, one can never tell how accurate the book is; an accurate description differs with each writer, whether journalist or historian. However, I am comfortable that the book is accurate in an overall way, despite possible errors in details, and all I am interested in is an overall description of the history of French culture and government. Reading this book is like taking a bus tour of a city before delving into its neighborhoods on foot. It is an overview, a broad-brush painting.

As the authors discuss, "France is not what it used to be" and it will not be the same in the future. Like all cultures and societies, France is constantly changing. And yet, this book helps to understand the basic culture of France as it is today. I enjoyed this book very much, and I will enjoy reading it again before my next trip to France.

The Taming of the Shrew, Shakespeare Theatre

The Taming of the Shrew, Shakespeare Theatre Company, Lansburgh Theatre

What can be said about our search for happiness? Every person wants to be happy and every person strives to be happy. Sometimes Fate intervenes and leads us to happiness in unexpected ways, and that is the story of Katharina, the "Shrew" in Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew". Fate married her to Petruchio, a man who taught her how to love and accept love, and be happy.

Early in her life, "Kate" had learned that by being difficult, she could get her way with her parents. As she grew into adulthood, she continued to try to get her way by being a difficult person, constantly raising the level of her "shrewishness" until she got her way. However, as a young woman, she was at a point of learning that no man wanted to marry a difficult woman, and she felt that she would never marry. She was torn. She didn't want to give up her learned behavior that she could get her way by being difficult, but she also wanted to be married and being a shrew was not leading to marriage.

Then Fate intervened and sent Petruchio to her to show her how to be happy by being loving and by accepting love from him in return. Of course, she would not have voluntarily married Petruchio, but in Shakespeare's time, fathers had the authority to give their daughters to a man in marriage, so she had no choice. And once married, Petruchio had the authority and the power to force her to obey him or to suffer unpleasant consequences. She was forced to learn from Petruchio that if she was pleasant and loving to him, he would make her happy. If she was unpleasant to him, he would make her miserable. She had to unlearn a lifetime of thought and learn a new thought pattern. She had to unlearn that by being difficult, she could get her way, and learn that by being pleasant, she would be rewarded with happiness.

So the moral of "The Taming of the Shrew" is that a woman can be happy if she is good to her husband. If she is good to him, he will be good to her.

That moral is not universal, of course. Many women are very loving to their husbands, but their husbands are not loving to them in return. Indeed, many husbands abuse their wives no matter how much the wives try to please them. However, few wives can find happiness by being a shrew, so their only hope lies in being pleasant and loving. (The same moral applies to men, of course.)

I am reminded of the first time I learned of Craigslist. I read a lengthy article in the Los Angeles Times about this new phenomenon, Craigslist, that had gained popularity in the San Francisco area. I went to the San Francisco Craigslist website and wandered around on it for some time, clicking on many of the site's links. At one point, I wandered into a chat room where a group of women were chatting about relationships with men. The topic of the conversation was "high maintenance women", and many of the women in the chat room were commenting how men didn't like "high maintenance women". After some time, a woman whose screen name was "jewishprincess" said something very profound. She said that her husband didn't seem to mind that she was "high maintenance" as long as she gave him a blow job every night. The room was silent for some time, and then several of the women mentioned that they had not thought of that.

It seems to me that Kate had not learned that simple lesson. If a woman is good to a man, he will usually be good to her. Many men are happy to spoil their wives or lovers, if only their wives or lovers take good care of them. Many men are very happy to work and support a woman if she will take care of them sexually. "The Taming of the Shrew" is a wonderful play that teaches a moral about relationships in a very happy way.

My thoughts on the production at the Shakespeare Theater. I thought the man who played Petruchio was very well cast. He was very believable and he helped the audience lose themselves in the play. However, I think the woman who was cast as Katharina was not well cast. She did not help the audience lose themselves in her character. She played the initial part of the shrew pretty well, but she was not at all believable in her transformation to a loving wife.

Once again, I am struck by the history of a Shakespeare play. Shakespeare was a master producer of plays. Time and again, he took plays that already existed and rewrote them for his own productions, as he did in this play. A play by the name, "The Taming of a Shrew" already existed, and Shakespeare rewrote it into his version, which is a wonderful, lasting play that audiences still enjoy four hundred years after he wrote it.

Shakespeare Theatre - 2007/2008 Season

The Taming of the Shrew - October 2007
Tamburlaine - December 2007
Edward II - January 2008
Argonautica - Februray 2008
Major Barbara - March 2008
Antony and Cleopatra - May 2008
Julius Caesar - June 2008
The Imaginary Invalid - July 2008

Bombay Time, Thrity Umrigar

Bombay Time by Thrity Umrigar

Jimmy Kanga was throwing a party. His only son (and only child) was getting married, and Jimmy wanted to celebrate. It was a large party including many friends, colleagues from his law office, and most important of all, his neighbors at Wadia Baug, the venerable 120 year old apartment building where Jimmy had lived most of his life. In India's sea of Hindus and Muslims, Wadia Baug was a tiny island of Parsis. Like Jimmy, most of these Parsi friends had lived at Wadia Baug most of their lives, and they were like an extended family. They helped each other raise their children; they celebrated joyful occasions; they cared for each other when they were sick; they comforted each other at the death of a family member or loved one. Jimmy had asked them to stay after the party for a small, intimate celebration. He had a surprise for them.

Taking each of the special Wadia Baug guests in turn, Thrity Umrigar painted an intimate portrait of their lives. Now they were older, with gray hair, but she painted a far richer portrait of each of them, a portrait filled with the bright colors of the joys of their youth as well as the sad colors of their losses. There were the young boys, smiling, happy, filled with confidence of a successful and happy future. There were the girls, pretty, alluring, playful, also filled with confidence for the future. Along life's road, losses and pain intervened for each one, robbing them of their confidence and then their joy, leaving them older and sadder. The richness of the portraits of these close friends fills this wonderful book and gives it a richness in turn. After the party, Jimmy's surprise for each of his friends helped them to remember the joys of their lives. It helped them to let go of the pain that had accumulated through the years. It reinforced their love for each other. It gave them comfort and peace.

This is a wonderful book. In giving comfort and peace to these friends, it gives comfort and peace to its readers.

Suite Francaise, Irene Nemirovsky

Suite Francaise by Irene Nemirovsky

I had been reluctant to read this book, but once I started reading it, I found it fascinating and moving. I had thought it was a book about the Holocaust, but of course, it is not. Instead, it is a very interesting book about the reactions of French people during and immediately after the German invasion of France during World War II.

When I began reading the book, I found the writing style very interesting. The book seemed to be written as an outline, with short declarative sentences, as if the intent of the author was to write a rough first draft and then fill in the details later, in a second draft. Later, I learned that the book was indeed a "first draft" written in long hand. I am certain that a second draft would have been written, and possibly more drafts as well as the editing by the publisher prior to publication; however, as I learned later, that opportunity did not come. To me, the succinct writing style added much to the appeal of the book.

As I read the book, I felt that the author concentrated on writing about wealthy people, but later, when I read the author's notes in the Appendices, I came to realize that she had drawn on people in her own life for all the characters in the book. Her father and husband were bankers, so several of her characters were bankers; she had lived her entire life in high society, so she wrote about characters in high society. The book made much more sense to me after reading the Appendices.

The writing styles of women and men are very different. As a woman, she wrote in a very descriptive style, and I found her careful, detailed descriptions to add greatly to the book. In particular, her descriptions of people fleeing Paris were very interesting. I also found her descriptions of the feelings of the women characters to be unexpected and very moving; only a woman could have written about those feelings. All in all, the book was a woman's book, even though I found it very interesting. Indeed, I didn't want the book to end. I wanted it to be completed, especially after reading her outline for the remaining parts of the book.

One cannot read the book, of course, without also having feelings about her death. The world is filled with death and atrocities; it goes on today as it has since the world began. Some of my own ancestors were slaughtered by immigrants to America, and reading about them is painful to me. America also suffered the stain of mistreating our own citizens of Japanese ancestry during World War II. We feel the pain of atrocities in all parts of the world, to all people, and any reminder of such atrocities is painful for me. I was deeply moved by the Appendices, particularly the letters. One can understand that Jews had no idea that their being arrested would lead to death; the whole world found out only later. So it is understandable that she and her husband would be fearful, but also would not flee. Equally moving was the heroism of the woman who hid and protected the daughters; what a wonderful woman she was.

In summary, this was a very interesting book, and the Appendices were very moving. Two separate stories connected by the author.

Grandeur of the Seas Tour, July 22, 2007

Two free daily newspapers are handed to passengers each morning as they enter the Metro system, the "Express" published by the Washington Post, and the "Examiner", published independently. Usually, I scan both of them as I commute to work, a trip of about 45 minutes. On June 23 as I read the "Examiner", I noticed an advertisement announcing the start of a little contest. Each day for 10 days, a question would be printed in the "Examiner" related to the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines ship, the Grandeur of the Seas, or about the Port of Baltimore. At the end of the contest, 10 winners would be selected by a drawing, and winners would receive a tour of the ship and lunch aboard the ship on July 22, as the ship was docked in Baltimore. I decided to enter the contest for fun.

I looked up the answer to the first question, and made a note of it, and each day, I continued to look up the answer to that day's question and note it. As I went along, I began to realize that very few people would enter this contest, both because it was spaced out over more than 10 days (no paper on Sundays) and because finding the answers online was not always easy. Making the contest more difficult was the fact that it ran over the July 4th holiday. I began to think that my chances of winning might be good. At the end of the contest, I emailed my answers to the questions to the Examiner, and the following week, I was notified that I had won and would be one of not 10 but 25 people to take the tour. During the tour, I learned that 286 correct responses had been received, although probably not more than 50 people had actually participated, and they had given the answers to friends.

So, on Sunday, July 22, I drove over to Baltimore to the Port and took the tour of the ship. I learned that access to the Port of Baltimore is extremely easy; the Port is located directly beside Interstate 95 in Baltimore, at Exit 55. Parking is also extremely easy; it right beside the ship. When I arrived at the port, I noticed that this ship seemed smaller than other ships I have cruised in the past, and that turned out to be true. At lunch, I sat beside the manager of the Port of Baltimore, and one thing I learned from him was that the larger ships are not able to use the Port of Baltimore because they are too tall to pass beneath the Chesapeake Bay Bridge, which is only 192 feet above the water surface. Most cruise ships are taller than that. So this ship was smaller than other cruise ships, and that is the reason that it was able to use the Port of Baltimore.

I posted a few photos of my tour on my Flickr site.

Here are the contest questions and answers:
June 23 – What are the four different itineraries (not ports) that Royal Caribbean sails from the Port of Baltimore in 2007?
Answer:
(1) 5 Night Bermuda Cruise
(2) 9 Night New England/Canada Cruise
(3) 9 Night Eastern Caribbean Cruise
(4) 13 Night Baltimore to Tampa Cruise

June 24 – No newspaper.

June 25 – What is the charge per day for passenger cars to park at the Port of Baltimore cruise terminal? Answer: $10 per day.

June 26 – What is the Grandeur of the Seas passenger capacity? Answer: 2,446 passengers.

June 27 – How many nights is the Royal Caribbean cruise from Baltimore to Bermuda? Answer: 5 nights.

June 28 – When is the last cruise out of the Port of Baltimore with Royal Caribbean for the 2007 season? Answer: November 25 – Grandeur of the Seas to Bermuda.

June 29 – What time does the Port of Baltimore open for departing cruise passengers? Answer: The cruise terminal entrance opens at 10:00AM for departing passengers; however, do not arrive prior to the embarkation time on your ticket.

June 30 – Are most meals (except for specialty restaurants) covered in the prices? Answer from the RCCL Cruise FAQs: The price of your vacation includes: Most meals onboard. The cruise price does not include meals ashore (except as noted) and certain beverages and specialty restaurants onboard certain vessels.

July 1 –No newspaper.

July 2 – How far is the Port of Baltimore's cruise terminal from BWI Thurgood Marshall Airport: Answer: BWI is located 10 miles south of Baltimore City, and it is just 9.6 miles from Maryland’s cruise terminal at South Locust Point.

July 3 – How long and wide (beam) is the Grandeur of the Seas? Answer: Length – 916 feet; Beam – 106 feet.

July 4 – What is the website address for the Baltimore Area Convention and Visitors Association? Answer: www.baltimore.org

Three Cups of Tea, Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin

Three Cups of Tea by Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin

So much has been written about this book and the work of Greg Mortenson that I am reluctant to write more here. The reviews of the book on Amazon cover everything that needs to be said. For me, this is one of the most inspiring books I have read in a long time. I believe that every American should read this book. We can do so much better in our foreign policy than we have been doing, and this book shows the way that many Americans would prefer to follow. A path of peace and friendship. I hope that someday Greg Mortenson will be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Some reviewers seem not to have cared for the writing style of Relin, but to me, it was outstanding. Indeed, the writing is what initially drew me into the book and made it so hard to put down. I really liked the writing style of Relin.

One interesting tidbit: it is interesting to me how frequently great achievers are eccentric. Greg Mortenson is an eccentric loner, as so many other great achievers have been. Yet, his eccentricities are fundamental to his success. The hope is that his work will be self-sustaining after he is no longer able to continue to do all that he has done, just as one hoped that the work of other great people would continue after their times. Thank God for Greg Mortenson.

Key Web Sites:

Three Cups of Tea

Central Asia Institute

YouTube "CAI schools"

Greg Mortenson

Hamlet, William Shakespeare

Hamlet by William Shakespeare at the Shakespeare Theater

Hamlet is not one of my favorite Shakespeare plays. I don't care for all the "drama"; it is too much, really. More than drama, it is "melodrama".

Background of the play from the program:

The character of Hamlet first appears as “Amleth,” in the writings of the 12th-century Danish historian Saxo. Amleth’s uncle murders the prince’s father and marries his mother, and Amleth pretends to be insane in order to get his revenge. The narrative ends with Amleth killing his uncle and taking the throne. The story reached England through the 16th-century French author François de Belleforest, who enlarged the role of Amleth’s mother and gave him a young female love interest. Sometime in the 1580s, an English writer seems to have adapted Belleforest’s tale into a stage play called Hamlet.

Apparently using this earlier Hamlet as inspiration, Shakespeare created his own version in 1600 for the newly opened Globe Theatre. He wrote the play at the midpoint of his long career, turning from poetic comedies and histories to revolutionary tragedies and romances. But exactly what play that first audience heard remains a mystery, because the published texts of Hamlet vary widely. In 1603, an inexpensive quarto edition was issued to capitalize on the play’s popularity. It was likely a pirated text, either copied hastily by a spectator or reconstructed badly from memory by an actor in a minor role. A second quarto came out the next year in response, billing itself as “newly imprinted and enlarged to almost as much again as it was, according to the true and perfect copy.” The 1623 folio of Shakespeare’s complete works contained a version of Hamlet very similar to the second quarto, cutting about 200 lines (although it would still run more than four hours uncut).

My thoughts:

My first thought is that as he did in other plays, Shakespeare developed this play based on an earlier work by someone else. It is remarkable to me that he "rewrote" a play by the same name that had been written and performed only 20 years previously. Copyright laws would pevent that from happening today.

Shakespeare was a technical genius who had a great ability to write and produce successful plays. He took ideas from others and reworked them technically to produce successful plays. In his time, audiences seem to have been attracted to great violence, and as he did in other plays, Shakespeare killed off all the main characters in Hamlet in a very melodramatic fashion, the guilty and the innocent alike. But before they died, they first went through great melodramatic wailings.

This play was about revenge, and to be successful, Shakespeare developed a character so bent on revenge that he was willing to die in order to gain his revenge. In addition, he was willing to kill innocent people in order to gain his revenge. Thus, the play reminds us of political suicide killers of today, as well as the armies who seek to kill them and kill thousands of innocent people in the process. The only moral is that they are all equally insane, and their insanity hurts everyone.

A Thousand Splendid Suns, Khaled Hosseini

A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini

Violence against women is widespread throughout the world. Statistics are difficult to obtain, but even with limited statistics, one-fourth to one-third of the women of the world report being abused by husbands or partners, and police believe that only one-third of instances of domestic violence are reported. Violence against women occurs in all societies, including the United States and Europe.

In some societies, women and girls are dominated by males and treated as property, as slaves, whose principal purpose in life is to serve their husbands. They are given in marriage and expected to serve and obey their husbands, and if they fail in this duty, they are subjected to violence. If they try to escape, they are subjected to violence. They have virtually no individual freedoms in life.

This book is about two women who become slaves to a husband. One of the women grows up as an illegitimate girl who is not accepted by her father; the other grows up as the favored daughter of a university professor. Both become the wife to a man who has been taught and believes in the customs of his society -- that women are slaves to their husband. Although they are of different ages and different backgrounds, they are treated the same by their husband. They become his wives at different times, twenty years apart, and at first, the older one resents the younger one. However, their treatment by their husband leads them eventually to become friends and allies in their attempt to escape their slavery.

This book is about domestic violence and customs in Afghanistan; however, it could have been written about domestic violence in many societies. Although women are not treated as slaves in all societies, women are subjected to violence by their husbands in all societies. The author was born in Afghanistan and lived there for eleven years. He went back to visit in 2003, and after meeting and talking with many women, decided to write this book about customs regarding women in Afghanistan. I do not know how accurately it depicts life for women in Afghanistan. It is a book of fiction, and not a sociological study.

This book is not a great book, but it is a book that captures one's attention and emotions. It is an interesting story, and it is believable. In order for me to like a book, I must find it believable. I like this book much better than Kite Runner because as I have mentioned previously, I found much of Kite Runner to be unbelievable melodrama. This book is sad. It is not a happy book. The lives of these women were sad, unhappy lives. But I found it interesting to read about the lives of women in that society. All in all, I liked this book.

Titus Andronicus

Titus Andronicus by William Shakespeare at the Shakespeare Theater

It is hard to imagine Shakespeare as a young man. We think of the great Shakespeare plays, and we do not think of him as a young man just getting started in the theater, just learning his craft, just beginning to write plays. This play, Titus Andronicus, was one of Shakespeare's first plays, written sometime between 1587 and 1592. He was only in his mid-twenties. Plays that were popular in London at that time were horror plays, much like horror movies of today. It is easy to imagine the young Shakespeare, in his mid-twenties, deciding to write a horror play, filled with lurid violence and gore and much like two plays that were very popular at that time, Marlowe's Tamburlaine and Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy. Undoubtedly, the young Shakespeare desired to become successful and decided to write a play like other successful plays. In Titus Andronicus, Shakespeare one-upped other playwrights. His play was even bloodier than theirs. And it was very successful.

Although Shakespeare's later plays were based on historical events or historical figures, this play was purely fictional. The play refers to historical Rome, but the figures in the play and the events in the play were fictional. However, it is interesting that Shakespeare had great knowledge of ancient Rome and was able to base this play and later plays on that period. It is also interesting to me that the London audiences -- mostly men -- related to those historical references.

I was expecting to be revolted by the blood and gore of the play, but I found that I was not. I was fascinated by the play itself. I was fascinated by a young man writing this play, both to entertain and to be a successful business venture. I found it not sad or depressing, but comical, much like one feels at a horror movie. The purpose was to entertain, and this play was entertaining. It turned out to be one of Shakespeare's most successful plays.

The Good Husband of Zebra Drive, Alexander McCall Smith

The Good Husband of Zebra Drive by Alexander McCall Smith

Like worn house slippers, the books about Precious Ramotswe of the No. 1 Ladies' Dectective Agency make one feel comfortable. Precious is indeed precious. Her keen observations of life are equally useful in solving the cases that confront her and in her interpersonal relationships. She understands the weaknesses of people, and she forgives them for those weaknesses. She practices love, and she teaches love. Always the solutions to relationships and to her cases return to her observations about life and love, and almost always relationships and cases end happily. The beauty of the simple life of her beloved Botswana adds to the beauty of the message that she conveys, a message of love and hope. These books are written in a simple way, emphasizing the simplicity of the setting and the message. While not great literature, these books make one feel comfortable and satisfied and happy. They are wonderful little books, and I never grow tired of them.

The Inheritance of Loss, Kiran Desai

The Inheritance of Loss by Kiran Desai.

Although this book is the 2006 winner of the Man Booker Prize, it receives only 3.5 stars from Amazon reviewers, many of whom find it to be well written, but with little plot. Indeed, many reviewers find the book boring, some to the point of not being able to finish it.


As I have written before, it seems that although some writers are gifted with words and gifted at capturing the descriptions of people or events, they have difficulty imagining great stories. Kiran Desai is a gifted writer. Her descriptions are far more elegant than those of most writers. Indeed, the elegance of her descriptions is almost mesmerizing. However, her story lacks interest. Her characters seem to drift and her story drifts. It seems that the title of the book is accurate -- the characters are a bunch of losers who go on losing right to the end of the book. Finally, we just don't care what happens to them. Surely she could have imagined more interesting characters and a more interesting story. The title of this book could just as easily have been, "Everyone's a Loser".

Coriolanus

Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. (Proverbs 16:18)

Coriolanus by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Kennedy Center. One of Shakespeare's great tragedies, Coriolanus depicts a man who could have had greatness, but lost everything because of a fatal character flaw. Coriolanus was filled with pride and a haughty spirit, which led to his downfall. The play was great, and the performance by the Royal Shakespeare Company was excellent. The one drawback was that the theater at the Kennedy Center is too large for good hearing. The smaller theater at the National Shakespeare Theater is always much better for Shakespeare plays. Still, an outstanding play, and as always, reading Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare before going to the play helped immensely to understand the nuances of the play.

Carnival!

Carnival! at the Kennedy Center, Saturday March 3, 2007

Carnival! the musical first appeared on Broadway in 1961; the musical was based on the 1953 movie, "Lili", starring Leslie Caron. The movie was based on a short story that appeared in the Saturday Evening Post in 1950, called "The Man Who Hated People". The story is about a young woman (mid to late teens) whose parents had died, and she went to find a good friend of her father's who worked in a carnival and who would take care of her. Unfortunately, he too had died just a month before she arrived. Having no place to go, she stayed with the carnival.

She was an innocent girl, who did not understand when the star of the show, the magician -- tried to take advantage of her. To survive, she began to work in the carnival's puppet show. She loved the puppets, and because of her innocent interaction with them, the puppet show became the greatest attraction at the carnival. The puppeteer was a man who had been a dancer, but who had an injury that had cut his career short. He had become very angry and mean -- the "man who hated everyone". So the show was about a conniving man and a very angry, mean man pitted against this innocent girl. This conflict went on and on, and it was very disturbing to me. In the end, like the Beauty and the Beast, through her love and kindness, she was able to tame the mean man and make him nice and loving like her, but by then, I didn't even want that. I just wanted her to be rid of these people, and I wanted to be rid of the show.

The show disturbed me. I did not like it at all. I am accustomed to seeing great shows, so when I see one that is not good, it seems even worse than it probably is in reality. But this one disturbed me. I was not amused by this particular conflict. I am certainly not opposed to elusive, unavailable men, but I don't like mean people, and I don't like older men who take advantage of young girls.

At a more basic level, this story is ancient -- the story of the attraction of "bad boys" to women. The eternal temptation, bad boys have tempted women in Virgil's Dido, Shakespeare's Helena, Jane Austen's Elizabeth Bennett, Margaret Mitchell's Scarlett O'Hara, The Beauty and The Beast. Women always seem to fall for bad boys. Bad boys are often not handsome, but they are masculine and elusive and unavailable, the perfect ingredients for sexual attraction. Although bad boys are tamed in stories, in real life they seldom are. In real life, women must decide whether they want a man who stimulates them sexually, or a "good man" who will be a good husband and partner. Seldom will a woman find one who is both. Often nowadays, women choose both a good man for a husband, and a "bad boy" as a lover. The perfect solution to the eternal problem!

Playbill story.

Richard III

Richard III at the Shakespeare Theater, February 22, 2007

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf

Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf at the Kennedy Center, January 13, 2007

The Light in the Piazza

The Light in the Piazza at the Kennedy Center, December 30, 2006

The Beaux' Stratagem

The Beaux' Strategem at the Shakespeare Theater

The Audacity of Hope, Barak Obama

The Audacity of Hope by Barak Obama

Seldom does a politician write a book, and even more seldom does a politician lay out his political views on a wide range of subjects in a way that everyone can read and understand. Most politicians do not write books at all, although many politicians who seek the Presidency have staff write position papers and sometimes books for them. Politicians prefer to keep their positions on issues flexible and open in order to attract the most voters; stated positions offend voters as well as attract them.

In writing this book, Obama took the step of summarizing not only his positions on issues, but also his way of arriving at positions, his thought process, his personality traits. He wrote this book soon after being elected to the Senate, and well before he decided to seek the Presidency. His purpose seems to have been to summarize for himself his thoughts about key issues facing our nation. I am not aware of any other Senator or Representative who has done this, and for that reason, Obama is a very rare politician. Obama showed in his previous book that he is an outstanding writer, and again in this book, his writing style is eloquent and easy. This book is not as "readable" as his first book because a book about public policy is not as interesting as a book about his lifestory.

As an individual who has spent many years in Washington political work, I am struck by what Obama has done in writing this book in two ways. First, by writing this book, he has shown his intellect to be far greater than that of most other politicians. Few other politicians could have written this book or any book about a wide range of public policy issues. In addition to writing about his own positions on issues, he took the added step of writing about the history of many of those issues and the Constitutional background of the issues. In this book, Obama demonstrates his knowledge of American history and Constitutional law, his analytical abilities, and his facility with the American language. This book is a remarkable feat for a politician (or anyone), just as his first book was a remarkable feat for a young man just out of law school.

Second, in this book, Obama takes a step that is completely out of touch with the political norm in Washington at this time -- he takes a middle ground on most issues, seeking to unite people behind a compromise approach. He writes about both politicial viewpoints on issues, and then suggests that the solution to the issues lies somewhere between those points. He demonstrates that he understands the reasoning and feelings of people who take both sides on issues, and values their reasoning and feelings, and he offers a solution that lies between the two sides. Almost no other politician takes this approach to political issues. Most politicians strive to harden positions, rather than to find ways to bridge them and unite the two sides; they take this approach in order to firm their support with their base, fearing loss of support by taking a middle position.

Most politicians prefer no solution to a problem, no matter how serious, rather than a compromise solution. Our electorial process requires this extreme approach. The extremists are the ones who vote in our primaries, and to win the primaries, politicians must take extreme positions on issues. Politicians who would like to unite people do not win primaries, even though they might win general elections handily. However, Obama takes the approach that a compromise is the best solution, particularly if the compromise can unite people. When Obama speaks about the need to change the ways of Washington politics, it is the concept of seeking to unite rather than divide that he has in mind. This political approach is extremely rare. It is also one that many Americans seem to desire.

This book does indeed have the "Audacity of Hope". The hope that a man who is intellectually brilliant and articulate, and who advocates a unity position on issues, can win elections in America. We will see if that hope is realized.

Dreams From My Father, Barak Obama

Dreams From My Father was written by Barak Obama when he finished law school in 1995, at age 33. As an autobiography up until that age, it is not a book about accomplishments in life, but about the journey of self-discovery that we all make. His journey was different from the journeys most people make because of the choices his mother made. A child of the 60’s, his mother was a flower child, a hippie, who chose a lifestyle very different from that of other girls from Kansas. She went to Hawaii to college and married a Kenyan student, the father of Barak. After she decided not to follow him to Harvard, she married an Indonesian and moved to Indonesia, where she had a daughter. When she decided that Barak needed to move back to the States for his education, Barak lived with her parents, who became his surrogate parents.

As Barak grew up in Hawaii, he went through all the growing pains of other teenagers, trying to discover who he was to become. But as a teen of mixed race, who looked more Black than White, his journey of self-discovery was more difficult than that of most other teens; he also had to discover his identity as a Black or as a White. His confusion, the confusion of most teens, continued through college, but gradually, he made choices similar to those his mother had made. He chose to work in some capacity to help those less fortunate than himself. He chose to become an “organizer” in a Black community, and he landed a job in Chicago. His identity was chosen for him by “fate” – he was to become a Chicago politician. As he continued his journey of self-discovery, he applied for and was accepted to Harvard Law School. However, like so many Americans interested in their genealogy, he wanted to learn more about his father, so he journeyed to Kenya. There, he met his father’s family, and he learned two important things about his self-identity: He felt comfortable with a Black identity, and he was truly an American.

After reading this book, I came away with three overriding impressions of Barak Obama. First, he is a truly gifted writer, far better than most writers. He could easily become extremely successful as a writer. Second, he identifies as a Black American, despite being reared by a white mother and white grandparents. That is not to say that he rejected them or the lessons that they taught him, but that while loving them, he was still different from them. Many teens develop an identity that is very different from that of their parents. Perhaps they move to a far-away place, or adopt a different religion, or in other ways reject the identities of their parents. They love their parents, but develop their own, very different identities. In that way, Barak is like so many other people. Third, in the end, Barak developed an identity that is uniquely his own. Being of mixed race, he developed an identity that is mixed, neither White nor Black. He became a person whose values reflect thought and reflection and an ability to see issues from different perspectives. He became a person who is tolerant and forgiving, rather than rigid and dogmatic. He became a “melting-pot” American, only with a different variety in his genealogy than many of us have.

The Right Attitude To Rain

In The Right Attitude to Rain, Alexander McCall Smith again gives us a charming book that is comfortable to absorb; however, this book takes a surprising turn at the end. In this chapter of her life, Isabel Dalhousie, philosopher and editor of the ethics journal, learns much about her own life. When an aunt visits, she learns about her mother, who died when she was a child, and finds character traits she recognizes in herself. This book, like other Smith books, is a character study, and some of the characters in the book and some of their actions have uncertain dimensions, leaving the reader in doubt. Another very pleasant book by this very pleasant author.

Made In America by Bill Bryson

Although I found the books by Bryson that I had read previously to be long whines and not enjoyable, I really liked Made in America. As advertised, it is an informal history of America, with commentary about the etymology of words that came into use, some of which had origins dating far back in history. Bryson's whining style was not in evidence in this book, and I found his history of America and of our words to be entertaining, as well as informative and interesting. I liked the book so much that I gave it to several other people as gifts. A very enjoyable book.

In the Tennessee Country: A Novel

In the Tennessee Country: A Novel

Jesus said to them, "A prophet is not without honor, except in his own country, and among his own relatives, and in his own household." (Matthew 13:57 and Mark 6:4)

“In the Tennessee country of my forebears, it was not uncommon for a man of good character suddenly to disappear. He might be a young man or a middle-aged man or even sometimes a very old man. Whatever the case, few questions were ever asked. Rather, it was generally assumed that such a man had very likely felt the urging of some inner compulsion and so could not do otherwise than gather up his chattels and move on to resettle himself elsewhere.”

The words of Jesus remind us of a truism in life, well known for thousands of years, the process of “moving away” in order to “find” oneself, one’s true identify in life. Many people must “move away” from the place of their upbringing and their families in order to find their own place in life. In many instances, people can find their own place in life only a short distance from their home places, retaining strong ties to their families. In other instances, people find that they must sever their ties to their families, at least for some period of time, in order to find their own place in life, the place in which they can feel comfortable and grow in life. In some instances, people find their own place in life by establishing a career that is very different from that demanded by their families; in other instances, people find that they must become different people completely from the person they had been. This internal urge to “move away” to “find oneself” is intensely powerful.

In this book, the author describes the effects of the “moving away” process on three men – his cousin Augustus, himself, and his youngest son. All of these people disappeared from their own immediate families to one extent or another in order to find their own places in life. To achieve the “honor” that they needed to feel for themselves. To find the deep happiness that comes from having found one’s true identity. This drive to find inner happiness is very powerful, the inner happiness that can come only from finding oneself, the self that one feels is real, rather than that imposed by family and friends.

In this book, the author describes the “moving away” of three men, but he does not identify the “moving away” process, the deep need for self-identification and self-fulfillment. Indeed, he seems to have no clue about this phenomenon that is so widely known. He describes the process for these men as if it were some mysterious process common only to men of his own area in Tennessee. As a result, he writes what must be one of the most boring books ever published without the thought ever dawning on his mind that these men were not “disappearing” from life, but “finding” life. And the possibility never occurs to him that perhaps the Holy Spirit guides people along the path to self-identification and self-awareness, rather than their simply dropping out of life and disappearing. As a result, he writes a book that is utterly useless and utterly boring, when it could have been so much deeper, so much more enlightening, so much more interesting. What a waste, and what a shame.

Kennedy Center -- 2007 Season

October 14 2006 - Twelve Angry Men - Eisenhower Theater, 7:30 p.m.

December 30, 2006 - The Light in the Piazza - Opera House, 7:30 p.m.

January 13, 2007 - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? - Eisenhower Theater, 7:30 p.m.

March 3, 2007 - Carnival! - Eisenhower Theater, 7:30 p.m.

Plus one other play in June.

Twelve Angry Men

Twelve Angry Men was written in 1954, but it is still emotional and relevant today. Twelve men, in 1954, trying to decide the guilt or innocence of a teenager who was accused of murdering his father. Reviews from the Washington Post and Washington Times are on the Kennedy Center website, so I will not repeat them here. I had seen the movie, starring Henry Fonda, several times, and found myself interested in the way the protagonist found fault with the arguments of the District Attorney and eventually convinced his fellow jurors of the teen's innocence. Of course, the play is not about a trial and the deliberations of a jury, but about the way in which our life experiences and prejudices affect the way we think and feel about a situation. The play is about confronting those prejudices and overcoming them, at least for a moment. Because I had seen the movie several times, and knew that it was an emotional, angry play, I was very hesitant to go to the play. I like to be entertained and made to feel good by the entertainment that I pay for. I like to feel happy. I like musicals. I do not like to pay money to see anger or other deep emotions. This play is about anger. However, I have season tickets to the shows at the Kennedy Center, and this play was one of the ones in the package, so I went. And again I soon found myself deeply interested in the intellectual puzzling out of the case, and the anger was not so much a distraction. The actors were wonderful, with Richard Thomas playing the Henry Fonda part, and George Wendt playing the role of the jury foreman. In addition, the play is one act, and less than two hours long, which made it much more manageable to me. At the end, the actors received a well-deserved standing ovation, and I was pleased that I had gone.

Spiritual Reflections

Ramadan and Rosh Hashanah provide Muslims and Jews an opportunity to reflect on their spiritual lives and renew their commitment to their faith. Christians do not have a similar holiday period of reflection, but perhaps Ramadan and Rosh Hashanah can serve that purpose, at least for me. It is good for me to reflect that God is Spirit, and He created all minds as part of His own Mind. His Mind is perfect, and all of His creations are perfect, remaining within His Mind and part of His Mind. His creations can never change, remaining forever a perfect part of His perfect Mind. Our only function while we are in this world is "forgiveness", a coming to perceive the Mind of God as it acts through our fellow man, overlooking the mistakes made by our fellow man, focusing our attention completely on the Spirit within him. This task is not easy for us to accomplish, but it is our only "salvation" from the "sins" of our fellow man. We are "saved" from his "sins" as we overlook them and focus on the perfect Spirit within him. "I am determined to see." A Course in Miracles.

An Enemy of the People

Although Henrik Ibsen wrote An Enemy of the People in 1882, it remains almost eerily current. The play was very well done and reminded us once again of its powerful message. The play was about a doctor in a small town in Norway, who discovered that the local healing baths were contaminated with bacteria and people were getting sick. He brought his finding to the town authorities, but they wanted to silence him because the local baths generated income for the town from tourists who came to the baths. He was horrified and tried to make his findings public; however, he was thwarted in his efforts, and the more he tried, the stronger the townspeople acted against him and his family. Finally, he was completely ruined.

The play reminds us that even today, "morality" must decide between public health and welfare on the one hand and public wealth on the other. Politicians depend for their very lives on money, so it seems that often they choose the financial well-being of their donors over the greater public good. Just last year, the arthritis drug Vioxx was found to increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke and it was withdrawn from the market. However, scientists at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) testified before the Congress that the health threat of Vioxx had been known for more than two years, but they had been prevented from speaking about it. Even when action was finally taken to remove the drug from the market, the action was taken by the company making the drug, rather than the FDA. Just as when Ibsen wrote this play, the public must decide on the morality of their elected officials versus the morality of those who try to protect them from dangers to their health and their wealth. Inspectors General constantly face this same obstacle in trying to do their jobs. Ibsen remains current today, and one can only hope that eventually he will not be.

The Notebook, by Nicholas Sparks

I have a brother. When we were growing up, we were very close, but then life led us to different coasts, three thousand miles apart. Our lives became quite different, and we gradually became less close. When I saw the Nicholas Sparks book, Three Weeks With My Brother, I thought it would be interesting and bought it. I did find it interesting, but even more interesting to me was Sparks' description of the start of his writing career, which was included in the book. He said that he was in a job that he did not like, and was complaining about it one day to his mother, and she said, "Stop complaining and write a book." Over the next several years, he wrote a book that became The Notebook. He told the story of how he struggled with the book, and how he struggled in finding an agent and then in selling the book to a publisher. I found that story very interesting.

I had never read a book by Nicholas Sparks, although he has written 11 novels. I had heard that he wrote romance novels, but I didn't really know much about him. Then this summer, I was given a copy of The Notebook, but still I was not interested enough to read it until now. It is a book that was on the New York Times bestseller list for more than a year, and a successful movie was made of the book.

So what did I think of the book? It is a very short book. It is the story of the beginning of a love, and the end. As I began to read the book, I found that the writing style was elementary, and I was quite put off by it. Feelings were badly expressed, sentences curt, words elementary. I found it difficult to read the book because of the elementary nature of the writing. However, it is a short book, and I continued to read it, and I found the second part of the book about the end of life very moving. I understand the popularity of the book, not because of the first part, but the second. It is not a great book, but it is a moving brief description of a couple dealing with Alzheimer's disease.

Life of Pi

To me the Life of Pi by Yann Martel is a children's book. It is a fantasy adventure story of a teen age boy. Reading the book was like returning to childhood. I found nothing adult about the book. Although some reviewers called the book a "fable", I do not agree; a fable has a moral, and I did not find a moral in this story. Other reviewers saw religious or spiritual symbolism in the book, but I did not. The first part of the book was about a teen age boy in India, and his interests in animals (his father was a zookeeper) and religion (he was interested in all religions). The main part of the book was a story of being lost at sea in a lifeboat with a 450 pound Bengal tiger. I found this part of the book somewhat boring, like his endless days at sea. I also found this part of the book to be perfect for a child, but really too much of an unrealistic fantasy for me. It was not adult. This book won the Man Booker Prize in 2002. I'm not sure if it won as a children's book or not, but if not, then I am not sure why it won. I would recommend the book to a child, but not to an adult.

The Death of Achilles

The Death of Achilles by Boris Akunin

Boris Akunin has written 11 mysteries with Erast Petrovich Fandorin, the detective reminiscent of Sherlock Holmes, although Fandorin also engages in violence in these stories. This is the fourth that has been translated. This book is interesting because the story is told in two separate parts. The first part is told from the perspective of Fandorin, as the previous books have been. However, the second part of the book is told from the perspective of Achimas Welde, Fandorin's adversary. In this book, Achimas is the far more interesting character, and is portrayed from a sympathetic viewpoint. These books are set in the Russia of the 1880s, and in each one, Fandorin is the protector of the Motherland. However, in this book, Achimas is also the protector of the Motherland, as he has been retained by the rulers to eliminate a military general who is a national hero, but who is leading a military overthrow of the government. Fandorin investigates, despite being ordered not to and even placed under house arrest to prevent his investigation from proceeding. As in all of the Fandorin mysteries, a beautiful woman is an integral part of the plot, and in this case, innocently so. The book is filled with murders and suspense, and danger for the innocent. Akunin informs the reader of the truth through Achimas, the killer, and builds sympathy for a happy outcome both for Achimas and the beautiful Wanda. However, in the end, Akunin chooses death for Achimas, while Achimas saves Wanda. I have now read the four Fandorin mysteries, and I will continue to read them as they are translated from Russian. However, I find them unsatisfying in some ways. First, Akunin finds it necessary to resort to fantasy in places that is a distraction and lessens the quality of the story. In addition, Akunin includes scenes that are completely out of character for his protagonists, also diminishing the quality of the story. And finally, Akunin always includes the death of sympathetic characters, and needlessly so. The books are entertaining, and interesting up to a point, but never rise above the level of "beach reading".

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Mark Haddon, begins as a "murder" mystery, the murder of a dog and the attempt of a boy to find the murderer. However, the book is not at all a murder mystery, or even a mystery. This wonderful little book is about how autistic people think. The book is narrated by a 15 year old autistic boy, and one quickly realizes that the book is not about an incident, any incident, but about the way an autistic boy copes with life, and about how his parents cope with having an autistic child. This book is fascinating. It is written in a very simple language and style as it takes the reader through the thinking processes of an autistic child, and the terrible difficulties that his parents face in coping with him and taking care of him. But is it an accurate reflection of the thinking of an autistic child? That question was answered by the Amazon reviewer Autistic Moggy Mania, who describes herself as "happily autistic in Northern California". She wrote: "Mark Haddon absolutely "got it right" in this book. From descriptions of how overwhelming the man-made world is for us on a sensory level, to frustration with a society that expects us to learn how to recognize neurotypical facial expressions based on simple drawings -- I'm really impressed, everything really does reflect how many of us experience life." (Her complete review is well worth reading on the Amazon link above.) I found the book fascinating, and I highly recommend it.

Expresso Tales

Alexander McCall Smith has written many wonderful little books that leave his readers feeling good. His series of books on the No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency are a joy to read, as are his books on The Sunday Philosophy Club. However, this book did not leave me with the same happy feelings of those books. Last year, McCall Smith published the first of this series -- 44 Scotland Street -- which was first published as a series of 110 columns in the Scotsman newspaper in Edinburgh. The book chronicles the lives of the residents of an apartment building at that address in Edinburgh. Each chapter in the book is approximately three pages long, the length of the newspaper column for that edition. This latest book in that series -- Expresso Tales -- was first published as a series of 105 additional columns and continues to chronicle the lives of the same residents, along with their friends, families and acquaintances.

McCall Smith describes the people with such color that he makes them seem real. Their characters are full and rich. However, the problem I have with this book is that the characters in the book are incredibly boring people who lead incredibly boring lives. Each one is flawed in ways that make them unattractive, and they do nothing interesting at all in their lives. The author seems to take pleasure in creating quirky characters, and to write amusing little stories about their quirkiness. In a few instances, one of the characters almost does something interesting, or attempts to do something interesting, but McCall Smith quickly makes the attempt fail in an embarrassing way, and the character hurries to return to his or her boring life, grateful for not being successful in adding any pleasure or joy to his or her life. The characters have no vitality, no life, no joy. They are boring people who lead boring lives.

And yet, McCall Smith includes nuggets of beauty, such as this: "She had to share her joy, as Lou knew that joy unshared was a halved emotion, just as sadness and loss, when borne alone, were often doubled."

The Shakespeare Theater -- 2007 Season

My tickets arrived for the 2007 Season at the Shakespeare Theater. It will be an interesting year, and I am looking forward to it. My schedule is as follows:

An Enemy of the People 9/21/06 8:00 p.m.
Beaux Stratagem 12/21/06 8:00 p.m.
Richard III 2/22/07 8:00 p.m.
Titus Andronicus 5/10/07 8:00 p.m.
Hamlet 7/12/07 8:00 p.m.

Little Women, the Broadway Musical

As the review in the Washington Post said, Little Women is the "most powerful girly book this country's ever produced." It is hard to find a woman who has not read the book, and it is equally hard to find a man who has. The book has been in print continuously since 1868, and never falls from the Top 10 list of all-time bestsellers. There have been two major film versions of the book, starring Katharine Hepburn in 1933 and June Allyson in 1949, and another version in 1994, starring Winona Ryder. And last season saw the opening of the very successful Broadway musical, starring Maureen McGovern.

As I expected, The Kennedy Center was filled with women and teenage girls who had read the book, or little girls who were taken to see the show by their mothers who had read the book. As for me, although I had never read the book, I found the show enjoyable to an extent. I was not put off by the very female perspective of the story, and I enjoy musicals very much. However, certain technical aspects of the production were less than optimal. The biggest problem was that the orchestra completely overwhelmed the voices of the singers. For a theater like the Kennedy Center, that should not have happened. The words were almost impossible to hear. Maureen McGovern was great, and some of her words were understandable. However, the actor who played Jo did not have a strong voice, and she was completely overwhelmed by the orchestra. It was very unfortunate. All in all, however, the women had a wonderful time at the theater, remembering the story and reliving the time that they read the book for the first time.

Love's Labor's Lost

For centuries the Kingdom of Navarre was the premier independent Basque kingdom in the world. In the 1580's and 1590's, the King of Navarre was a protestant and ally of England. This King sponsored an academy at his court, and actually associated with lords named Biron and Longueville. This King actually wed a French princess, Marguerite, daughter of Catherine de Medici, and prior to the marriage, these two women made visits to Navarre, along with a group of ladies-in-waiting of the French court. The wit and charm of this group of French ladies earned them the name "l'escadron volant" (the flying squadron). The King of Navarre actually wed Marguerite, and changed his religion to Catholic in order to become the King of France, thus becoming the enemy of England, rather than its ally.

Shakespeare's play, Love's Labor's Lost (Shakespeare Theater), is a comedy spoof about how the French ladies visited the King of Navarre and completely outwitted the King and his consorts, the Lords Berowne, Longaville and Dumaine, causing them to abandon their vows to withdraw from the world for a period of three years into the King's academy to seek knowledge and enlightenment. The women outwitted these men, outtalked them, and completely outclassed them. They never for a moment took these shallow men or their professions of love seriously, realizing that they would abandon their vows of love as quickly as they abandoned their vows of austerity. In the end, the women left the men and returned to France, telling the men that if their love was true, they would withdraw from the world and live in austerity for one year (not three). Thus were "love's labors" of the men "lost" as the women departed.

Adding to the wit of the play was the reversal of roles for men and women in England in the 1590s (the time of the play). In the customs of that time, women were the weaker gender, while men were the stronger. In the play, Shakespeare poked fun at the King and his consorts by making them appear as weaklings, completely overpowered by the intellect of the women. Although modern TV sitcoms have portrayed women as smart and men as bumblers, women and men had not been portrayed in that way at the time of the play.

The play was light, airy and fun. Of course, Shakespeare was his usual self in filling the play with words, words, words, and witicisms on top of each other. This play also included more rhyme than usual in Shakespeare plays, making it both more witty and also more interesting. As usual, it is hard to follow a Shakespeare play because of the different language of 400 years ago, and because of the speed of the delivery of the lines. In order to follow the dialogue, one must read the dialogue and become familiar with it before seeing the play.

This adaptation of the play was set in 1960's costumes; it also included the setting of some of the dialogue to music. I found the costumes somewhat distracting at times in contrast to the language being spoken by the actors, but the music was very playful and enlivened the play. All in all, it was a fun performance.

Here is the Washington Post review of the play.

Blue Shoes and Happiness

Blue Shoes and Happiness by Alexander McCall Smith is another in the series of wonderful little books about The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency located in Botswana. These little books are like a cool refreshment on a hot summer's day -- they lift one's spirits and bring joy. Like a soothing massage when one is weary or tense, they bring comfort and relaxation to soothe the difficulties of one's daily life. These little books bring love and forgiveness; they bring hope and peace. What a deep pleasure it is to be invited into the lives of Mma Precious Ramotswe and her able assistant Mma Grace Makutsi. One can never get enough joy in life, or peace of mind, or hope, and one can never get enough of the one who brings such joy and peace through these little books. I love these little books because I love the way they make me feel when I read them -- wonderful.

The Far Pavilions by M. M. Kaye

The Amazon reviewer, “Wysewomon”, gives The Far Pavilions by M. M. Kaye four stars. I agree with her, and I like her review of the book very much. This book is long – 960 pages – and it continues my reading of novels set in India. For me, this book is not as good as A Suitable Boy or Shantaram, but it is a good book. I would give those books five stars, and this one four stars.

In The Far Pavilions, Kaye uses two principal characters to describe numerous personal and cultural conflicts in India in the mid-1800s – the principal character, Ashton Pelham-Martyn and his love, Anjuli. Ashton was born in India of British parents. His mother died at childbirth, and his father died when Ashton was six years old. Until he was 11 years old, Ashton was raised as Ashok by his Hindu nurse, Sita; his dark complexion and hair permitted Sita to raise Ashok as her son for safety reasons. At her death, he learned that he was actually English, and he was sent to England for schooling. After school, he joined the British military (the Guides) and returned to India. One of the principal conflicts of the entire book was the internal conflict that Ashton experienced between being British but feeling Indian.

While Ashton/Ashok was a young boy, he and Sita were servants at the palace of an Indian Maharaja, where Ashok played with a little girl, Anjuli, who was a half-caste princess. Her mother was Russian, and her father was the Maharaja. Because of her half-caste heritage, she too experienced conflict, along with the conflict among the wives and children of the Maharaja. But Anjuli and Ashok became fast friends as children, leading to their lifelong romance.

A second principal conflict that Kaye describes through Ashton is the conflict regarding the British military in India, particularly the conflict arising from the determination of the British military to establish control over Afghanistan during that period. Much of the second half of the book concerns this conflict, and for me, the book really dragged in this part. That is the reason that I give it four stars rather than five.

Kaye’s story of Ashton’s return to India as a military officer and his “accidental” finding of Anjuli again as a young adult was very well done. Kaye’s description of the trials of Anjuli as a half-caste was also fascinating reading. Throughout the book, Kaye painted a beautiful picture of the love between Ashton and Anjuli, and the difficulties and conflicts that arose resulting from the forbidden love between a British military officer and a Hindu. Also throughout the book, Kaye presented interesting descriptions of the conflicts among the various religions and cultures in India, in particular, Hindu, Islam, and the British Christian religions and cultures.

In the end, the forbidden nature of their love, her half-caste heritage, and a variety of other unaccepted realities led Ashton and Anjuli to become new, different identities, who could find acceptance and live peacefully.

Mame

On Saturday evening, June 10, I went to the Kennedy Center
to see the show, Mame, and it was really wonderful. It is odd that I have seen hundreds of Broadway shows, but never before had I seen Mame. It is such a happy show, and the music is really wonderful. I love going to the Kennedy Center, and on a Summer evening, it is even better than usual. They open up all the doors in the Great Hall and let everyone go out on the terrace overlooking the Potomac River. It is really beautiful. Everyone is happy and enjoying themselves. And then to see a really upbeat, happy show is really great. I love seeing musicals, and I love seeing happy shows. I am not one who usually likes to go to a Broadway show to see drama. Tennessee Williams is not a happy experience for me. I like musicals, and Mame is one of the all-time greats. The non-musical "Auntie Mame" was first performed on Broadway in 1958, starring Rosalind Russell, and the musical Mame was first performed in 1966, starring Angela Lansbury (see History of Auntie Mame).

It is odd that the women who have played Mame have not been strong singers, and Christine Baranski, who stars in this version, is not a strong singer. She was fine in the performance; she fit the role of the doting aunt. But I would have enjoyed it more if she had been a stronger singer. And like so many shows, if the show had stopped at intermission, it would have been better. It is odd that so many shows are great before intermission, but weak in the second act, and this show was no exception. Still, it was a wonderful show that left everyone singing and skipping out of the theater.

The Persians

Reserve.

Lie Down With Lions

Lie Down With Lions by Ken Follett is a mindless romantic/spy novel about the war between the Soviet Union and Afghan rebels. The book is about a supposedly well-educated woman who falls in love with a CIA agent and then a spy for the Soviet Union, who travels to Afghanistan to be with her husband, the Soviet spy. The novel describes the conflict between the two men, one of whom (the Soviet spy) conveniently becomes abusive toward her, giving her an excuse to kill him and marry the CIA agent. This book was not as good as some other romance novels and chicklit books I have read, but it was okay for the airplane and the ship.

The Year 1000 : What Life Was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium

The Year 1000 : What Life Was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium by Danny Danziger, Robert Lacey is a brief, light, easy-to-read overview of life in the year 1000 in England. I found the book very interesting and amusing, and not at all boring, as history can sometimes be. The book describes living conditions for average people at that time. There were no engines of any kind, so there was no noise from any engines. There were no written documents for people to read; 99 percent of the people were illiterate. There was no knowledge of sanitation or the cause of disease, and lifespan was about 40 years. Life was filled with terrible odors; barnyards were adjacent to houses, and dung was used as insulation. There was no coffee, tea, or sugar, and no potatoes. Some of the main issues of the day included the establishment of a calendar, and the annual date for Easter. Food was scarce at certain times of the year.

Reading the book reminded me that people at that time had no idea what the year 2000 might be like, and I suspect that we do not have any idea what the year 3000 might be like. For some years, I have thought about change in the world, and it has been my impression that slowly, inexorably, the world is improving. It also seems to me that the pace of change and improvement is accelerating, and vastly improved communication seems to me to be leading the way to the accelerated change. The Internet alone has had led to enormous changes, as has television. To me, the Internet has brought about the greatest change that has occurred in my lifetime. It has opened up communication among all people, increasing knowledge and understanding and friendship.

Change is usually led by youth, who don't want to be tied to the past; they want things to be better. They are not as afraid of change as older people are. I have thought for a long time that the old in society have to die, or at least step aside, before change can occur and progress made.

This little book also reminded me how brief our lives are in the grand scheme of history. If you think about the totality of history, or even the past 1000 or 2000 years (a mere drop in the ocean of all of history), our lives are miniscule, a mere speck in time. However, when added together, we all add to the change that is occurring.

Tamarind Woman

Tamarind Woman by Anita Rau Badami is the story of Saroja. The story is told first through the eyes of her daughter, Kamini, but then by Saroja herself. It is a sad story of a very bright girl, who wanted to become a doctor. However, she had a sharp tongue -- a Tamarind tongue -- and it resulted in her father deciding to find a husband for her rather than letting her continue her studies. The man who was found for her to marry was much older than she was, and he lived a traditional Indian life, in which he worked and his wife stayed at home. He worked for the Indian railway system, and was away from home three weeks of every month. When he was at home, he ignored Saroja, and seldom spoke to her. Thus, this very bright girl became very isolated, and her isolation was very hard for her to bear. She had two children, girls, who moved to North America when they were grown, thus increasing her isolation still further. After her husband's death, Saroja took trips on the Indian railway, but her isolation remained with her until the end. I did not care for The Hero's Walk, but I liked this book very much, although it was a sad book.

Flash House by Aimee Liu

Flash House is a mystery story set in the period 1949-1951, the time of the Chinese Communist revolution and the time of the McCarthy era in the United States. Some novels are simply entertaining stories, with no underlying moral, philosophical, or psychological theme. Brick Lane is a book about transitions in life, about human growth, about finding joy in life. Flash House is an entertaining story with no underlying theme; it could easily be imagined as a movie (although probably with a different ending). Flash House is well written, though Aimee Liu is not the writer that Monica Ali is. Written by a woman, the book was written from a feminine point of view, actually two feminine points of view. The book traces the lives of two principal characters – Kamla, a 10 year old girl who has been sold to the operator of a dirty, cheap house of prostitution in New Delhi, India, and Joanna Shaw, the wife of a newsman in New Delhi and a woman who runs a home that rescues young prostitutes and trains them for lives outside of prostitution. The novel switches back and forth between the voice of Kamla, who tells her story, and the voice of an unseen narrator, who tells the story of Joanna Shaw as well as other characters in the book. Kamla’s story is about her joyful rescue from the house of prostitution, her involvement with Joanna Shaw, her fear and eventual abandonment by Joanna Shaw, and her triumph in life after all of her ordeals. Joanna Shaw’s story is about the disappearance of her husband and her dogged tracking of him throughout China, helped by one of his friends, who turned out to be an Australian setting up a spy operation in Southeast Asia. The end of the book was unsatisfying for me, but it was positive and brought a feeling of completion to the story.

Brick Lane by Monica Ali

Just as Shantaram is a masculine book, Brick Lane is a feminine book. This book was written by a woman; its heroes are women; and all of its men are badly flawed and unattractive. Brick Lane is a book about the mental growth and transformations that occur in life. It is a book about women taking charge of their lives, rather than leaving Fate, or men, in charge. The book focuses on the transformation of one woman, Nazneen, from a poor, uneducated girl in Bangladesh, to a mature, independent woman, living in London. However, the book also traces the transformation of other characters in the book, particularly Nazneen’s husband, Chanu, who is portrayed as a pathetic man who, though educated, is completely lost in life, with delusions of his own self-importance, fumbling his way along, giving up his job and finally losing his family.

The story is complex, chronicling the lives of two sisters who begin life with completely opposite attitudes about life. The story contrasts Nazneen, who is taught to accept Fate (and who does) with her sister, Hasina, who from the beginning of her life, is determined to take charge of her own fate, is determined to have a happy life. The book carefully develops the transformation of Nazneen into a woman more like her sister, who gradually decides no longer to accept her fate or the inane whims of her husband or other men in her life, but who decides instead to take charge of her life and her fate, determined to find happiness both for herself and her two daughters. The story details the travails of both sisters, weaving their lives together, with Hasina never losing hope for happiness despite terrible hardships, and Nazneen finally finding that same hope and determination. Nazneen’s growth in life includes an affair with a young man, Karim, who also is struggling to find his own way in life. In the end, Nazneen lets him go as she realizes that he is moving toward an even deeper unreality, while the person to whom she thought she was attracted was only her own invention, her own imagination.

A good author must write well and have a good story to tell, and Monica Ali succeeds in both. This book is extremely well written, drawing the reader into the story with the words and the structure of the story. The story is believable and compelling. Brick Lane is a book about the triumph of hope over despair, of joy over sorrow, of determination over acceptance. One image is used to portray the growth and transformation of Nazneen. In her deepest despair, she is drawn to the hope and joy she feels in watching ice skaters on TV; and in the end, she finds that hope and joy in her own life as she becomes a joyful ice skater herself. Brick Lane is very good book, a very inspiring book that leaves the reader feeling happy to have read it. However, it is also a book that portrays women as needing to find their own hope and joy, and men as incompetent, unattractive and undesirable.

Cezanne in Provence

An exhibition of 117 of Cezanne's paintings is currently on display at the National Gallery of Art. Cezanne This exhibition focuses on the paintings of Cézanne in and around his native Aix-en-Provence, and the exhibit marks the centenary of the death of Paul Cézanne (1839–1906). This exhibition displays landscape paintings around Provence, and also many other paintings of Cezanne during his lifetime -- portraits, still lifes, and watercolors. The exhibit displays Cezanne's development as an artist during the years that he lived in Provence, from 1860 until the end of his life. The exhibit shows his Impressionist paintings, his palette knife paintings, and his progression as a painter leading up to the beginnings of Cubism.

I am not a fan of Cezanne. Although I do enjoy some of his early Impressionist paintings, and I find his palette knife paintings interesting, I find much of his techinque and his subject matter uninspiring. Many of his paintings seem to be unfinished, leaving parts of the canvas unexposed. His paintings focus on trees (often filling the entire canvas with trees), large rocks, and a single mountain, Mont Sainte-Victoire. His paintings are filled with greys and blues, and seem dark and gloomy and uninspired. And his technique of painting blocks of color seems childlike. As a person untrained in art, it is hard for me to understand Cezanne's place in art. His works pale by comparison with those of other Impressionists, such as Monet, Pizarro, Renoir, and Degas, whose paintings fill one with awe and inspiration. Compare, for example the richness of Degas' painting, L'absinthe with a comparable painting of Cezanne, The Card Players. I am pleased that I went to the exhibition, but I am left with wonder, rather than awe. This is the Washington Post review of the exhibition.